CODE_C% = P% LOAD_C% = LOAD% +P% - CODE%ELITE C FILE.TA34 \ If we get here, the missile is hostile LDA #0 \ Set A to x_hi OR y_hi OR z_hi JSR MAS4 BEQ P%+5 \ If A = 0 then the missile is very close to our ship, \ so skip the following instruction JMP TA21 \ Jump down to part 3 to set up the vectors and skip \ straight to aggressive manoeuvring JSR TA87+3 \ The missile has hit our ship, so call TA87+3 to set \ bit 7 of the missile's byte #31, which marks the \ missile as being killed JSR EXNO3 \ Make the sound of the missile exploding \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA #250 \ Call OOPS to damage the ship by 250, which is a pretty \JMP OOPS \ big hit, and return from the subroutine using a tail \ \ call \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA #250 \ Call n_oops to damage the ship by 250 (taking the JMP n_oops \ shields into account), which is a pretty big hit, and \ return from the subroutine using a tail call \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> .TA18 \ This is the entry point for missile tactics and is \ called from the main TACTICS routine below LDA ECMA \ If an E.C.M. is currently active (either ours or an BNE TA35 \ opponent's), jump to TA35 to destroy this missile LDA INWK+32 \ Fetch the AI flag from byte #32 and if bit 6 is set ASL A \ (i.e. missile is hostile), jump up to TA34 to check BMI TA34 \ whether the missile has hit us LSR A \ Otherwise shift A right again. We know bits 6 and 7 \ are now clear, so this leaves bits 0-5. Bits 1-5 \ contain the target's slot number, and bit 0 is cleared \ in FRMIS when a missile is launched, so A contains \ the slot number shifted left by 1 (i.e. doubled) so we \ can use it as an index for the two-byte address table \ at UNIV TAX \ Copy the address of the target ship's data block from LDA UNIV,X \ UNIV(X+1 X) to (A V) STA V LDA UNIV+1,X JSR VCSUB \ Calculate vector K3 as follows: \ \ K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate of \ target ship \ \ K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - y-coordinate of \ target ship \ \ K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate of \ target ship \ So K3 now contains the vector from the target ship to \ the missile LDA K3+2 \ Set A = OR of all the sign and high bytes of the ORA K3+5 \ above, clearing bit 7 (i.e. ignore the signs) ORA K3+8 AND #%01111111 ORA K3+1 ORA K3+4 ORA K3+7 BNE TA64 \ If the result is non-zero, then the missile is some \ distance from the target, so jump down to TA64 see if \ the target activates its E.C.M. LDA INWK+32 \ Fetch the AI flag from byte #32 and if only bits 7 and CMP #%10000010 \ 1 are set (AI is enabled and the target is slot 1, the BEQ TA35 \ space station), jump to TA35 to destroy this missile, \ as the space station ain't kidding around \ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> LDY #35 \ Fetch byte #35 (the energy level) of the target ship SEC \ into A, and set the C flag for the subtraction below LDA (V),Y SBC #64 \ Set A = A - 64 BCS n_misshit \ If the subtraction didn't underflow, then the ship has \ an energy level of at least 64 and can take the hit, \ so jump to n_misshit to update the ship's energy level \ with the new, reduced value \ If we get here then the ship doesn't have enough \ energy to withstand the missile hit, so it gets \ destroyed \ --- End of added code -------------------------------> LDY #31 \ Fetch byte #31 (the exploding flag) of the target ship LDA (V),Y \ into A BIT M32+1 \ M32 contains an LDY #32 instruction, so M32+1 contains \ 32, so this instruction tests A with %00100000, which \ checks bit 5 of A (the "already exploding?" bit) BNE TA35 \ If the target ship is already exploding, jump to TA35 \ to destroy this missile \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \ORA #%10000000 \ Otherwise set bit 7 of the target's byte #31 to mark \STA (V),Y \ the ship as having been killed, so it explodes \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> ORA #%10000000 \ Otherwise set bit 7 of the target's byte #31 to mark \ the ship as having been killed, so it explodes (we \ update the ship data block in the next instruction) .n_misshit STA (V),Y \ Update the Y-th byte of the target ship data block, \ which will either be byte #35 (if the ship has been \ destroyed) or byte #31 (if it has survived) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> .TA35 LDA INWK \ Set A = x_lo OR y_lo OR z_lo of the missile ORA INWK+3 ORA INWK+6 BNE TA87 \ If A is non-zero then the missile is not near our \ ship, so jump to TA87 to skip damaging our ship \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA #80 \ Otherwise the missile just got destroyed near us, so \JSR OOPS \ call OOPS to damage the ship by 80, which is nowhere \ \ near as bad as the 250 damage from a missile slamming \ \ straight into us, but it's still pretty nasty \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA #80 \ Otherwise the missile just got destroyed near us, so JSR n_oops \ call n_oops to damage the ship by 80 (taking the \ shields into account), which is nowhere near as bad as \ the 250 damage from a missile slamming straight into \ us, but it's still pretty nasty \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> .TA87 JSR EXNO2 \ Call EXNO2 to process the fact that we have killed a \ missile (so increase the kill tally, make an explosion \ sound and so on) ASL INWK+31 \ Set bit 7 of the missile's byte #31 flag to mark it as SEC \ having been killed, so it explodes ROR INWK+31 .TA1 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TA64 \ If we get here then the missile has not reached the \ target JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #16 \ If A >= 16 (94% chance), jump down to TA19S with the BCS TA19S \ vector from the target to the missile in K3 .M32 LDY #32 \ Fetch byte #32 for the target and shift bit 0 (E.C.M.) LDA (V),Y \ into the C flag LSR A BCS P%+5 \ If the C flag is set then the target has E.C.M. \ fitted, so skip the next instruction .TA19S JMP TA19 \ The target does not have E.C.M. fitted, so jump down \ to TA19 with the vector from the target to the missile \ in K3 JMP ECBLB2 \ The target has E.C.M., so jump to ECBLB2 to set it \ off, returning from the subroutine using a tail callName: TACTICS (Part 1 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Process missiles, both enemy missiles and our own Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 12 of 16) calls via TA87+3
This section implements missile tactics and is entered at TA18 from the main entry point below, if the current ship is a missile. Specifically: * If E.C.M. is active, destroy the missile * If the missile is hostile towards us, then check how close it is. If it hasn't reached us, jump to part 3 so it can streak towards us, otherwise we've been hit, so process a large amount of damage to our ship * Otherwise see how close the missile is to its target. If it has not yet reached its target, give the target a chance to activate its E.C.M. if it has one, otherwise jump to TA19 with K3 set to the vector from the target to the missile * If it has reached its target and the target is the space station, destroy the missile, potentially damaging us if we are nearby * If it has reached its target and the target is a ship, destroy the missile and the ship, potentially damaging us if we are nearby
Other entry points: TA87+3 Set bit 7 of the ship's byte #31, which marks the ship as being killed, and return from the subroutine.TACTICS LDY #3 \ Set RAT = 3, which is the magnitude we set the pitch STY RAT \ or roll counter to in part 7 when turning a ship \ towards a vector (a higher value giving a longer \ turn). This value is not changed in the TACTICS \ routine, but it is set to different values by the \ DOCKIT routine INY \ Set RAT2 = 4, which is the threshold below which we STY RAT2 \ don't apply pitch and roll to the ship (so a lower \ value means we apply pitch and roll more often, and a \ value of 0 means we always apply them). The value is \ compared with double the high byte of sidev . XX15, \ where XX15 is the vector from the ship to the enemy \ or planet. This value is set to different values by \ both the TACTICS and DOCKIT routines LDA #22 \ Set CNT2 = 22, which is the maximum angle beyond which STA CNT2 \ a ship will slow down to start turning towards its \ prey (a lower value means a ship will start to slow \ down even if its angle with the enemy ship is large, \ which gives a tighter turn). This value is not changed \ in the TACTICS routine, but it is set to different \ values by the DOCKIT routine CPX #MSL \ If this is a missile, jump up to TA18 to implement BEQ TA18 \ missile tactics CPX #SST \ If this is not the space station, jump down to TA13 BNE TA13 LDA NEWB \ This is the space station, so check whether bit 2 of AND #%00000100 \ the ship's NEWB flags is set, and if it is (i.e. the BNE TN5 \ station is hostile), jump to TN5 to spawn some cops \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA MANY+SHU+1 \ The station is not hostile, so check how many \BNE TA1 \ Transporters there are in the vicinity, and if we \ \ already have one, return from the subroutine (as TA1 \ \ contains an RTS) \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA MANY+SHU+1 \ Set A to the number of Transporters in the vicinity ORA auto \ If the docking computer is on then auto is &FF, so \ this ensures that A is always non-zero when we are \ auto-docking, so the following jump to TA1 will be \ taken and no Transporters will be spawned from the \ space station (unlike in the disc version, where you \ can get smashed into space dust by a badly timed \ Transporter launch when using the docking computer) BNE TA1 \ The station is not hostile, so check how many \ Transporters there are in the vicinity, and if we \ already have one, return from the subroutine (as TA1 \ contains an RTS) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> \ If we get here then the station is not hostile, so we \ can consider spawning a Transporter or Shuttle JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #253 \ If A < 253 (99.2% chance), return from the subroutine BCC TA1 \ (as TA1 contains an RTS) AND #1 \ Set A = a random number that's either 0 or 1 ADC #SHU-1 \ The C flag is set (as we didn't take the BCC above), TAX \ so this sets X to a value of either #SHU or #SHU + 1, \ which is the ship type for a Shuttle or a Transporter BNE TN6 \ Jump to TN6 to spawn this ship type and return from \ the subroutine using a tail call (this BNE is \ effectively a JMP as A is never zero) .TN5 \ We only call the tactics routine for the space station \ when it is hostile, so if we get here then this is the \ station, and we already know it's hostile, so we need \ to spawn some cops JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #240 \ If A < 240 (93.8% chance), return from the subroutine BCC TA1 \ (as TA1 contains an RTS) \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA MANY+COPS \ Check how many cops there are in the vicinity already, \CMP #4 \ and if there are 4 or more, return from the subroutine \BCS TA22 \ (as TA22 contains an RTS) \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA MANY+COPS \ Check how many cops there are in the vicinity already, CMP #7 \ and if there are 7 or more, return from the subroutine BCS TA22 \ (as TA22 contains an RTS) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> LDX #COPS \ Set X to the ship type for a cop .TN6 LDA #%11110001 \ Set the AI flag to give the ship E.C.M., enable AI and \ make it very aggressive (60 out of 63) JMP SFS1 \ Jump to SFS1 to spawn the ship, returning from the \ subroutine using a tail call .TA13 LDY #14 \ If the ship's energy is greater or equal to the LDA INWK+35 \ maximum value from the ship's blueprint pointed to by CMP (XX0),Y \ XX0, then skip the next instruction BCS TA21 INC INWK+35 \ The ship's energy is not at maximum, so recharge the \ energy banks by 1Name: TACTICS (Part 2 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Escape pod, station, lone Thargon, safe-zone pirate Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MVEIT (Part 2 of 9) calls TACTICS
This section contains the main entry point at TACTICS, which is called from part 2 of MVEIT for ships that have the AI flag set (i.e. bit 7 of byte #32). This part does the following: * If this is a missile, jump up to the missile code in part 1 * If this is the space station and it is hostile, consider spawning a cop (6.2% chance, up to a maximum of seven) and we're done * If this is the space station and it is not hostile, consider spawning (0.8% chance if there are no Transporters around) a Transporter or Shuttle (equal odds of each type) and we're done * Recharge the ship's energy banks by 1
Arguments: X The ship type.TA21 CPX #TGL \ If this is not a Thargon, jump down to TA14 BNE TA14 LDA MANY+THG \ If there is at least one Thargoid in the vicinity, BNE TA14 \ jump down to TA14 LSR INWK+32 \ This is a Thargon but there is no Thargoid mothership, ASL INWK+32 \ so clear bit 0 of the AI flag to disable its E.C.M. LSR INWK+27 \ And halve the Thargon's speed .TA22 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TA14 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers LDA NEWB \ Extract bit 0 of the ship's NEWB flags into the C flag LSR A \ and jump to TN1 if it is clear (i.e. if this is not a BCC TN1 \ trader) CPX #100 \ This is a trader, so if X >= 100 (61% chance), return BCS TA22 \ from the subroutine (as TA22 contains an RTS) .TN1 LSR A \ Extract bit 1 of the ship's NEWB flags into the C flag BCC TN2 \ and jump to TN2 if it is clear (i.e. if this is not a \ bounty hunter) LDX FIST \ This is a bounty hunter, so check whether our FIST CPX #40 \ rating is < 40 (where 50 is a fugitive), and jump to BCC TN2 \ TN2 if we are not 100% evil LDA NEWB \ We are a fugitive or a bad offender, and this ship is ORA #%00000100 \ a bounty hunter, so set bit 2 of the ship's NEWB flags STA NEWB \ to make it hostile LSR A \ Shift A right twice so the next test in TN2 will check LSR A \ bit 2 .TN2 LSR A \ Extract bit 2 of the ship's NEWB flags into the C flag BCS TN3 \ and jump to TN3 if it is set (i.e. if this ship is \ hostile) LSR A \ The ship is not hostile, so extract bit 4 of the LSR A \ ship's NEWB flags into the C flag, and jump to GOPL if BCC GOPL \ it is clear (i.e. if this ship is not docking) JMP DOCKIT \ The ship is not hostile and is docking, so jump to \ DOCKIT to apply the docking algorithm to this ship .GOPL \ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> LDY #0 \ Set Y = 0 so the call to SPS1 calculates the vector to \ the planet \ --- End of added code -------------------------------> JSR SPS1 \ The ship is not hostile and it is not docking, so call \ SPS1 to calculate the vector to the planet and store \ it in XX15 JMP TA151 \ Jump to TA151 to make the ship head towards the planet .TN3 LSR A \ Extract bit 2 of the ship's NEWB flags into the C flag BCC TN4 \ and jump to TN4 if it is clear (i.e. if this ship is \ not a pirate) LDA SSPR \ If we are not inside the space station safe zone, jump BEQ TN4 \ to TN4 \ If we get here then this is a pirate and we are inside \ the space station safe zone LDA INWK+32 \ Set bits 0 and 7 of the AI flag in byte #32 (has AI AND #%10000001 \ enabled and has an E.C.M.) STA INWK+32 .TN4 LDX #8 \ We now want to copy the ship's x, y and z coordinates \ from INWK to K3, so set up a counter for 9 bytes .TAL1 LDA INWK,X \ Copy the X-th byte from INWK to the X-th byte of K3 STA K3,X DEX \ Decrement the counter BPL TAL1 \ Loop back until we have copied all 9 bytes .TA19 \ If this is a missile that's heading for its target \ (not us, one of the other ships), then the missile \ routine at TA18 above jumps here after setting K3 to \ the vector from the target to the missile JSR TAS2 \ Normalise the vector in K3 and store the normalised \ version in XX15, so XX15 contains the normalised \ vector from our ship to the ship we are applying AI \ tactics to (or the normalised vector from the target \ to the missile - in both cases it's the vector from \ the potential victim to the attacker) JSR TAS3-2 \ Set (A X) = nosev . XX15 STA CNT \ Store the high byte of the dot product in CNT. The \ bigger the value, the more aligned the two ships are, \ with a maximum magnitude of 36 (96 * 96 >> 8). If CNT \ is positive, the ships are facing in a similar \ direction, if it's negative they are facing in \ opposite directionsName: TACTICS (Part 3 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Calculate dot product to determine ship's aim Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls via GOPL
This section sets up some vectors and calculates dot products. Specifically: * If this is a lone Thargon without a mothership, set it adrift aimlessly and we're done * If this is a trader, 80% of the time we're done, 20% of the time the trader performs the same checks as the bounty hunter * If this is a bounty hunter (or one of the 20% of traders) and we have been really bad (i.e. a fugitive or serious offender), the ship becomes hostile (if it isn't already) * If the ship is not hostile, then either perform docking manoeuvres (if it's docking) or fly towards the planet (if it isn't docking) and we're done * If the ship is hostile, and a pirate, and we are within the space station safe zone, stop the pirate from attacking by removing all its aggression * Calculate the dot product of the ship's nose vector (i.e. the direction it is pointing) with the vector between us and the ship. This value will help us work out later on whether the enemy ship is pointing towards us, and therefore whether it can hit us with its lasers.
Other entry points: GOPL Make the ship head towards the planetLDA TYPE \ If this is not a missile, skip the following CMP #MSL \ instruction BNE P%+5 JMP TA20 \ This is a missile, so jump down to TA20 to get \ straight into some aggressive manoeuvring \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \CMP #ANA \ If this is not an Anaconda, jump down to TN7 to skip \BNE TN7 \ the following \ \JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers \ \CMP #200 \ If A < 200 (78% chance), jump down to TN7 to skip the \BCC TN7 \ following \ \LDX #WRM \ Set X to the ship type for a Worm \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> CMP #14 \ If this is not a large ship that can spawn smaller BNE TN7 \ ships (e.g. an Anaconda or Dragon), which will be in \ slot 14 in the ship files, jump down to TN7 to skip \ the following JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #200 \ If A < 200 (78% chance), jump down to TN7 to skip the BCC TN7 \ following LDX #15 \ Set X to the ship in slot 15, which will be the kind \ of ship that the large ship in slot 14 can spawn \ (e.g. an Anaconda can spawn a Worm, while a Dragon can \ spawn a Sidewinder) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> JMP TN6 \ Jump to TN6 to spawn the Worm and return from \ the subroutine using a tail call .TN7 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #250 \ If A < 250 (97.5% chance), jump down to TA7 to skip BCC TA7 \ the following JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers ORA #104 \ Bump A up to at least 104 and store in the roll STA INWK+29 \ counter, to gives the ship a noticeable roll .TA7 LDY #14 \ Set A = the ship's maximum energy / 2 LDA (XX0),Y LSR A CMP INWK+35 \ If the ship's current energy in byte #35 > A, i.e. the BCC TA3 \ ship has at least half of its energy banks charged, \ jump down to TA3 LSR A \ If the ship's current energy in byte #35 > A / 4, i.e. LSR A \ the ship is not into the last 1/8th of its energy, CMP INWK+35 \ jump down to ta3 to consider firing a missile BCC ta3 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers CMP #230 \ If A < 230 (90% chance), jump down to ta3 to consider BCC ta3 \ firing a missile LDX TYPE \ Fetch the ship blueprint's default NEWB flags from the LDA E%-1,X \ table at E%, and if bit 7 is clear (i.e. this ship BPL ta3 \ does not have an escape pod), jump to ta3 to skip the \ spawning of an escape pod \ By this point, the ship has run out of both energy and \ luck, so it's time to bail LDA #0 \ Set the AI flag to 0 to disable AI, hostility and STA INWK+32 \ E.C.M., so the ship's a sitting duck JMP SESCP \ Jump to SESCP to spawn an escape pod from the ship, \ returning from the subroutine using a tail callName: TACTICS (Part 4 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Check energy levels, maybe launch escape pod if low Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This section works out what kind of condition the ship is in. Specifically: * If this is a large ship that can spawn smaller ships, such as an Anaconda or a Dragon, then consider spawning (22% chance) a Worm * Rarely (2.5% chance) roll the ship by a noticeable amount * If the ship has at least half its energy banks full, jump to part 6 to consider firing the lasers * If the ship is not into the last 1/8th of its energy, jump to part 5 to consider firing a missile * If the ship is into the last 1/8th of its energy, and this ship type has an escape pod fitted, then rarely (10% chance) the ship launches an escape pod and is left drifting in space.ta3 \ If we get here then the ship has less than half energy \ so there may not be enough juice for lasers, but let's \ see if we can fire a missile LDA INWK+31 \ Set A = bits 0-2 of byte #31, the number of missiles AND #%00000111 \ the ship has left BEQ TA3 \ If it doesn't have any missiles, jump to TA3 STA T \ Store the number of missiles in T JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \AND #31 \ Restrict A to a random number in the range 0-31 \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> AND #15 \ Restrict A to a random number in the range 0-15, \ which makes it much more likely that ships will fire \ missiles when compared to the disc version \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> CMP T \ If A >= T, which is quite likely, though less likely BCS TA3 \ with higher numbers of missiles, jump to TA3 to skip \ firing a missile LDA ECMA \ If an E.C.M. is currently active (either ours or an BNE TA3 \ opponent's), jump to TA3 to skip firing a missile DEC INWK+31 \ We're done with the checks, so it's time to fire off a \ missile, so reduce the missile count in byte #31 by 1 LDA TYPE \ Fetch the ship type into A CMP #THG \ If this is not a Thargoid, jump down to TA16 to launch BNE TA16 \ a missile LDX #TGL \ This is a Thargoid, so instead of launching a missile, LDA INWK+32 \ the mothership launches a Thargon, so call SFS1 to JMP SFS1 \ spawn a Thargon from the parent ship, and return from \ the subroutine using a tail call .TA16 JMP SFRMIS \ Jump to SFRMIS to spawn a missile as a child of the \ current ship, make a noise and print a message warning \ of incoming missiles, and return from the subroutine \ using a tail callName: TACTICS (Part 5 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Consider whether to launch a missile at us Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This section considers whether to launch a missile. Specifically: * If the ship doesn't have any missiles, skip to the next part * If an E.C.M. is firing, skip to the next part * Randomly decide whether to fire a missile (or, in the case of Thargoids, release a Thargon), and if we do, we're done.TA3 \ If we get here then the ship either has plenty of \ energy, or levels are low but it couldn't manage to \ launch a missile, so maybe we can fire the laser? LDA #0 \ Set A to x_hi OR y_hi OR z_hi JSR MAS4 AND #%11100000 \ If any of the hi bytes have any of bits 5-7 set, then BNE TA4 \ jump to TA4 to skip the laser checks, as the ship is \ too far away from us to hit us with a laser LDX CNT \ Set X = the dot product set above in CNT. If this is \ positive, this ship and our ship are facing in similar \ directions, but if it's negative then we are facing \ each other, so for us to be in the enemy ship's line \ of fire, X needs to be negative. The value in X can \ have a maximum magnitude of 36, which would mean we \ were facing each other square on, so in the following \ code we check X like this: \ \ X = 0 to -31, we are not in the enemy ship's line \ of fire, so they can't shoot at us \ \ X = -32 to -34, we are in the enemy ship's line \ of fire, so they can shoot at us, but they can't \ hit us as we're not dead in their crosshairs \ \ X = -35 to -36, we are bang in the middle of the \ enemy ship's crosshairs, so they can not only \ shoot us, they can hit us CPX #160 \ If X < 160, i.e. X > -32, then we are not in the enemy BCC TA4 \ ship's line of fire, so jump to TA4 to skip the laser \ checks LDY #19 \ Fetch the enemy ship's byte #19 from their ship's LDA (XX0),Y \ blueprint into A AND #%11111000 \ Extract bits 3-7, which contain the enemy's laser \ power BEQ TA4 \ If the enemy has no laser power, jump to TA4 to skip \ the laser checks LDA INWK+31 \ Set bit 6 in byte #31 to denote that the ship is ORA #%01000000 \ firing its laser at us STA INWK+31 CPX #163 \ If X < 163, i.e. X > -35, then we are not in the enemy BCC TA4 \ ship's crosshairs, so jump to TA4 to skip the laser \ checks LDA (XX0),Y \ Fetch the enemy ship's byte #19 from their ship's \ blueprint into A LSR A \ Halve the enemy ship's byte #19 (which contains both \ the laser power and number of missiles) to get the \ amount of damage we should take \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \JSR OOPS \ Call OOPS to take some damage, which could do anything \ \ from reducing the shields and energy, all the way to \ \ losing cargo or dying (if the latter, we don't come \ \ back from this subroutine) \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> JSR n_oops \ Call n_oops to take some damage (taking the shields \ into account), which could do anything from reducing \ the shields and energy, all the way to losing cargo \ or dying (if the latter, we don't come back from this \ subroutine) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> DEC INWK+28 \ Halve the attacking ship's acceleration in byte #28 LDA ECMA \ If an E.C.M. is currently active (either ours or an BNE TA9-1 \ opponent's), return from the subroutine without making \ the laser-strike sound (as TA9-1 contains an RTS) LDA #8 \ Call the NOISE routine with A = 8 to make the sound JMP NOISE \ of us being hit by lasers, returning from the \ subroutine using a tail callName: TACTICS (Part 6 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Consider firing a laser at us, if aim is true Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This section looks at potentially firing the ship's laser at us. Specifically: * If the ship is not pointing at us, skip to the next part * If the ship is pointing at us but not accurately, fire its laser at us and skip to the next part * If we are in the ship's crosshairs, register some damage to our ship, slow down the attacking ship, make the noise of us being hit by laser fire, and we're done.TA4 LDA INWK+7 \ If z_hi >= 3 then the ship is quite far away, so jump CMP #3 \ down to TA5 BCS TA5 LDA INWK+1 \ Otherwise set A = x_hi OR y_hi and extract bits 1-7 ORA INWK+4 AND #%11111110 BEQ TA15 \ If A = 0 then the ship is pretty close to us, so jump \ to TA15 so it heads away from us .TA5 \ If we get here then the ship is quite far away JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers ORA #%10000000 \ Set bit 7 of A, so A is at least 128 CMP INWK+32 \ If A >= byte #32 (the ship's AI flag) then jump down BCS TA15 \ to TA15 so it heads away from us \ We get here if A < byte #32, and the chances of this \ being true are greater with high values of byte #32, \ as long as they are at least 128 \ \ In other words, higher byte #32 values increase the \ chances of a ship changing direction to head towards \ us - or, to put it another way, ships with higher \ byte #32 values of 128 or more are spoiling for a \ fight \ \ Thargoids have byte #32 set to 255, which explains \ an awful lot .TA20 \ If this is a missile we will have jumped straight \ here, but we also get here if the ship is either far \ away and aggressive, or not too close JSR TAS6 \ Call TAS6 to negate the vector in XX15 so it points in \ the opposite direction LDA CNT \ Change the sign of the dot product in CNT, so now it's EOR #%10000000 \ positive if the ships are facing each other, and \ negative if they are facing the same way .TA152 STA CNT \ Update CNT with the new value in A .TA15 \ If we get here, then one of the following is true: \ \ * This is a trader and XX15 is pointing towards the \ planet \ \ * The ship is pretty close to us, or it's just not \ very aggressive (though there is a random factor \ at play here too). XX15 is still pointing from our \ ship towards the enemy ship \ \ * The ship is aggressive (though again, there's an \ element of randomness here). XX15 is pointing from \ the enemy ship towards our ship \ \ * This is a missile heading for a target. XX15 is \ pointing from the missile towards the target \ \ We now want to move the ship in the direction of XX15, \ which will make aggressive ships head towards us, and \ ships that are too close turn away. Peaceful traders, \ meanwhile, head off towards the planet in search of a \ space station, and missiles home in on their targets LDY #16 \ Set (A X) = roofv . XX15 JSR TAS3 \ \ This will be positive if XX15 is pointing in the same \ direction as an arrow out of the top of the ship, in \ other words if the ship should pull up to head in the \ direction of XX15 TAX \ Copy A into X so we can retrieve it below JSR nroll \ Call nroll to calculate the value of the ship's pitch \ counter STA INWK+30 \ Store the result in the ship's pitch counter LDA INWK+29 \ Fetch the roll counter from byte #29 into A ASL A \ Shift A left to double it and drop the sign bit CMP #32 \ If A >= 32 then jump to TA6, as the ship is already BCS TA6 \ in the process of rolling LDY #22 \ Set (A X) = sidev . XX15 JSR TAS3 \ \ This will be positive if XX15 is pointing in the same \ direction as an arrow out of the right side of the \ ship, in other words if the ship should roll right to \ head in the direction of XX15 TAX \ Copy A into X so we can retrieve it below EOR INWK+30 \ Give A the correct sign of the dot product * the \ current pitch direction (i.e. the sign is negative if \ the pitch counter and dot product have different \ signs, positive if they have the same sign) JSR nroll \ Call nroll to calculate the value of the ship's pitch \ counter STA INWK+29 \ Store the result in the ship's roll counter .TA12 .TA6 LDA CNT \ Fetch the dot product, and if it's negative jump to BMI TA9 \ TA9, as the ships are facing away from each other and \ the ship might want to slow down to take another shot CMP CNT2 \ The dot product is positive, so the ships are facing BCC TA9 \ each other. If A < CNT2 then the ships are not heading \ directly towards each other, so jump to TA9 to slow \ down .PH10E LDA #3 \ Otherwise set the acceleration in byte #28 to 3 STA INWK+28 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TA9 AND #%01111111 \ Clear the sign bit of the dot product in A CMP #18 \ If A < 18 then the ship is way off the XX15 vector, so BCC TA10 \ return from the subroutine (TA10 contains an RTS) \ without slowing down, as it still has quite a bit of \ turning to do to get on course LDA #&FF \ Otherwise set A = -1 LDX TYPE \ If this is not a missile then skip the ASL instruction CPX #MSL BNE P%+3 ASL A \ This is a missile, so set A = -2, as missiles are more \ nimble and can brake more quickly STA INWK+28 \ Set the ship's acceleration to A .TA10 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TA151 \ This is called from part 3 with the vector to the \ planet in XX15, when we want the ship to turn towards \ the planet. It does the same dot product calculation \ as part 3, but it can also change the value of RAT2 \ so that roll and pitch is always applied JSR TAS3-2 \ Set (A X) = nosev . XX15 \ \ The bigger the value of the dot product, the more \ aligned the two vectors are, with a maximum magnitude \ in A of 36 (96 * 96 >> 8). If A is positive, the \ vectors are facing in a similar direction, if it's \ negative they are facing in opposite directions CMP #&98 \ If A is positive or A <= -24, jump to ttt BCC ttt LDX #0 \ A > -24, which means the vectors are facing in STX RAT2 \ opposite directions but are quite aligned, so set \ RAT2 = 0 instead of the default value of 4, so we \ always apply roll and pitch when we turn the ship \ towards the planet .ttt JMP TA152 \ Jump to TA152 to store A in CNT and move the ship in \ the direction of XX15 .nroll EOR #%10000000 \ Give the ship's pitch counter the opposite sign to the AND #%10000000 \ dot product result, with a value of 0, and store it in STA T \ T TXA \ Retrieve the original value of A from X ASL A \ Shift A left to double it and drop the sign bit CMP RAT2 \ If A < RAT2, skip to nroll2 (so if RAT2 = 0, we always BCC nroll2 \ set the pitch counter to RAT) LDA RAT \ Set the magnitude of the ship's pitch counter to RAT ORA T \ (we already set the sign above and stored it in T) RTS \ Return from the subroutine .nroll2 LDA T \ Set A to the value we stored in T above, which has a \ value of 0 and the opposite sign to the dot product \ result RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Apply tactics: Set pitch, roll, and acceleration Deep dive: Program flow of the tactics routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls via TA151 * TACTICS (Part 3 of 7) calls via TA151 * TACTICS (Part 6 of 7) calls via TA9-1
This section looks at manoeuvring the ship. Specifically: * Work out which direction the ship should be moving, depending on the type of ship, where it is, which direction it is pointing, and how aggressive it is * Set the pitch and roll counters to head in that direction * Speed up or slow down, depending on where the ship is in relation to us
Other entry points: TA151 Make the ship head towards the planet TA9-1 Contains an RTS.DOCKIT LDA #6 \ Set RAT2 = 6, which is the threshold below which we STA RAT2 \ don't apply pitch and roll to the ship (so a lower \ value means we apply pitch and roll more often, and a \ value of 0 means we always apply them). The value is \ compared with double the high byte of sidev . XX15, \ where XX15 is the vector from the ship to the station LSR A \ Set RAT = 2, which is the magnitude we set the pitch STA RAT \ or roll counter to in part 7 when turning a ship \ towards a vector (a higher value giving a longer \ turn) LDA #29 \ Set CNT2 = 29, which is the maximum angle beyond which STA CNT2 \ a ship will slow down to start turning towards its \ prey (a lower value means a ship will start to slow \ down even if its angle with the enemy ship is large, \ which gives a tighter turn) LDA SSPR \ If we are inside the space station safe zone, skip the BNE P%+5 \ next instruction .GOPLS JMP GOPL \ Jump to GOPL to make the ship head towards the planet JSR VCSU1 \ If we get here then we are in the space station safe \ zone, so call VCSU1 to calculate the following, where \ the station is at coordinates (station_x, station_y, \ station_z): \ \ K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - station_x \ \ K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - station_y \ \ K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - station_z \ \ so K3 contains the vector from the station to the ship LDA K3+2 \ If any of the top bytes of the K3 results above are ORA K3+5 \ non-zero (after removing the sign bits), jump to GOPL ORA K3+8 \ via GOPLS to make the ship head towards the planet, as AND #%01111111 \ this will aim the ship in the general direction of the BNE GOPLS \ station (it's too far away for anything more accurate) JSR TA2 \ Call TA2 to calculate the length of the vector in K3 \ (ignoring the low coordinates), returning it in Q LDA Q \ Store the value of Q in K, so K now contains the STA K \ distance between station and the ship JSR TAS2 \ Call TAS2 to normalise the vector in K3, returning the \ normalised version in XX15, so XX15 contains the unit \ vector pointing from the station to the ship LDY #10 \ Call TAS4 to calculate: JSR TAS4 \ \ (A X) = nosev . XX15 \ \ where nosev is the nose vector of the space station, \ so this is the dot product of the station to ship \ vector with the station's nosev (which points straight \ out into space, out of the docking slot), and because \ both vectors are unit vectors, the following is also \ true: \ \ (A X) = cos(t) \ \ where t is the angle between the two vectors \ \ If the dot product is positive, that means the vector \ from the station to the ship and the nosev sticking \ out of the docking slot are facing in a broadly \ similar direction (so the ship is essentially heading \ for the slot, which is facing towards the ship), and \ if it's negative they are facing in broadly opposite \ directions (so the station slot is on the opposite \ side of the station as the ship approaches) BMI PH1 \ If the dot product is negative, i.e. the station slot \ is on the opposite side, jump to PH1 to fly towards \ the ideal docking position, some way in front of the \ slot CMP #35 \ If the dot product < 35, jump to PH1 to fly towards BCC PH1 \ the ideal docking position, some way in front of the \ slot, as there is a large angle between the vector \ from the station to the ship and the station's nosev, \ so the angle of approach is not very optimal \ \ Specifically, as the unit vector length is 96 in our \ vector system, \ \ (A X) = cos(t) < 35 / 96 \ \ so: \ \ t > arccos(35 / 96) = 68.6 degrees \ \ so the ship is coming in from the side of the station \ at an angle between 68.6 and 90 degrees off the \ optimal entry angle \ If we get here, the slot is on the same side as the \ ship and the angle of approach is less than 68.6 \ degrees, so we're heading in pretty much the correct \ direction for a good approach to the docking slot JSR TAS3-2 \ Call TAS3-2 to calculate: \ \ (A X) = nosev . XX15 \ \ where nosev is the nose vector of the ship, so this is \ the dot product of the station to ship vector with the \ ship's nosev, and is a measure of how close to the \ station the ship is pointing, with negative meaning it \ is pointing at the station, and positive meaning it is \ pointing away from the station CMP #&A2 \ If the dot product is in the range 0 to -34, jump to BCS PH3 \ PH3 to refine our approach, as we are pointing towards \ the station \ If we get here, then we are not pointing straight at \ the station, so check how close we are LDA K \ Fetch the distance to the station into A CMP #157 \ If A < 157, jump to PH2 to turn away from the station, BCC PH2 \ as we are too close LDA TYPE \ Fetch the ship type into A BMI PH3 \ If bit 7 is set, then that means the ship type was set \ to -96 in the DOKEY routine when we switched on our \ docking computer, so this is us auto-docking our \ Cobra, so jump to PH3 to refine our approach \ \ Otherwise this is an NPC trying to dock, so keep going \ to turn away from the station .PH2 \ If we get here then we turn away from the station and \ slow right down, effectively aborting this approach \ attempt JSR TAS6 \ Call TAS6 to negate the vector in XX15 so it points in \ the opposite direction, away from the station and \ towards the ship JSR TA151 \ Call TA151 to make the ship head in the direction of \ XX15, which makes the ship turn away from the station .PH22 \ If we get here then we slam on the brakes and slow \ right down LDX #0 \ Set the acceleration in byte #28 to 0 STX INWK+28 INX \ Set the speed in byte #28 to 1 STX INWK+27 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .PH1 \ If we get here then the slot is on the opposite side \ of the station to the ship, or it's on the same side \ and the approach angle is not optimal, so we just fly \ towards the station, aiming for the ideal docking \ position some distance in front of the slot JSR VCSU1 \ Call VCSU1 to set K3 to the vector from the station to \ the ship JSR DCS1 \ Call DCS1 twice to calculate the vector from the ideal JSR DCS1 \ docking position to the ship, where the ideal docking \ position is straight out of the docking slot at a \ distance of 8 unit vectors from the centre of the \ station JSR TAS2 \ Call TAS2 to normalise the vector in K3, returning the \ normalised version in XX15 JSR TAS6 \ Call TAS6 to negate the vector in XX15 so it points in \ the opposite direction JMP TA151 \ Call TA151 to make the ship head in the direction of \ XX15, which makes the ship turn towards the ideal \ docking position, and return from the subroutine using \ a tail call .TN11 \ If we get here, we accelerate and apply a full \ clockwise roll (which matches the space station's \ roll) INC INWK+28 \ Increment the acceleration in byte #28 LDA #%01111111 \ Set the roll counter to a positive (clockwise) roll STA INWK+29 \ with no damping, to match the space station's roll BNE TN13 \ Jump down to TN13 (this BNE is effectively a JMP as \ A will never be zero) .PH3 \ If we get here, we refine our approach using pitch and \ roll to aim for the station LDX #0 \ Set RAT2 = 0 STX RAT2 STX INWK+30 \ Set the pitch counter to 0 to stop any pitching LDA TYPE \ If this is not our ship's docking computer, but is an BPL PH32 \ NPC ship trying to dock, jump to PH32 \ In the following, ship_x and ship_y are the x and \ y-coordinates of XX15, the vector from the station to \ the ship EOR XX15 \ A is negative, so this sets the sign of A to the same EOR XX15+1 \ as -XX15 * XX15+1, or -ship_x * ship_y ASL A \ Shift the sign bit into the C flag, so the C flag has \ the following sign: \ \ * Positive if ship_x and ship_y have different signs \ * Negative if ship_x and ship_y have the same sign LDA #2 \ Set A = +2 or -2, giving it the sign in the C flag, ROR A \ and store it in byte #29, the roll counter, so that STA INWK+29 \ the ship rolls towards the station LDA XX15 \ If |ship_x * 2| >= 12, i.e. |ship_x| >= 6, then jump ASL A \ to PH22 to slow right down and return from the CMP #12 \ subroutine, as the station is not in our sights BCS PH22 LDA XX15+1 \ Set A = +2 or -2, giving it the same sign as ship_y, ASL A \ and store it in byte #30, the pitch counter, so that LDA #2 \ the ship pitches towards the station ROR A STA INWK+30 LDA XX15+1 \ If |ship_y * 2| >= 12, i.e. |ship_y| >= 6, then jump ASL A \ to PH22 to slow right down and return from the CMP #12 \ subroutine, as the station is not in our sights BCS PH22 .PH32 \ If we get here, we try to match the station roll STX INWK+29 \ Set the roll counter to 0 to stop any pitching LDA INWK+22 \ Set XX15 = sidev_x_hi STA XX15 LDA INWK+24 \ Set XX15+1 = sidev_y_hi STA XX15+1 LDA INWK+26 \ Set XX15+2 = sidev_z_hi STA XX15+2 \ \ so XX15 contains the sidev vector of the ship LDY #16 \ Call TAS4 to calculate: JSR TAS4 \ \ (A X) = roofv . XX15 \ \ where roofv is the roof vector of the space station. \ To dock with the slot horizontal, we want roofv to be \ pointing off to the side, i.e. parallel to the ship's \ sidev vector, which means we want the dot product to \ be large (it can be positive or negative, as roofv can \ point left or right - it just needs to be parallel to \ the ship's sidev) ASL A \ If |A * 2| >= 66, i.e. |A| >= 33, then the ship is CMP #66 \ lined up with the slot, so jump to TN11 to accelerate BCS TN11 \ and roll clockwise (a positive roll) before jumping \ down to TN13 to check if we're docked yet JSR PH22 \ Call PH22 to slow right down, as we haven't yet \ matched the station's roll .TN13 \ If we get here, we check to see if we have docked LDA K3+10 \ If K3+10 is non-zero, skip to TNRTS, to return from BNE TNRTS \ the subroutine \ \ I have to say I have no idea what K3+10 contains, as \ it isn't mentioned anywhere in the whole codebase \ apart from here, but it does share a location with \ XX2+10, so it will sometimes be non-zero (specifically \ when face #10 in the ship we're drawing is visible, \ which probably happens quite a lot). This would seem \ to affect whether an NPC ship can dock, as that's the \ code that gets skipped if K3+10 is non-zero, but as \ to what this means... that's not yet clear \ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> .top_6a \ --- End of added code -------------------------------> ASL NEWB \ Set bit 7 of the ship's NEWB flags to indicate that SEC \ the ship has now docked, which only has meaning if ROR NEWB \ this is an NPC trying to dock .TNRTS RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: DOCKIT [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Flight Summary: Apply docking manoeuvres to the ship in INWK Deep dive: The docking computerContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOKEY calls DOCKIT * TACTICS (Part 3 of 7) calls DOCKIT * Main flight loop (Part 8 of 16) calls via top_6a
Other entry points: top_6a Set bit 7 of the ship's NEWB flags to indicate that it has docked or been scooped.VCSU1 LDA #LO(K%+NI%) \ Set the low byte of V(1 0) to point to the coordinates STA V \ of the sun or space station LDA #HI(K%+NI%) \ Set A to the high byte of the address of the \ coordinates of the sun or space station \ Fall through into VCSUB to calculate: \ \ K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate of sun \ or space station \ \ K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate of sun \ or space station \ \ K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate of sun \ or space stationName: VCSU1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate vector K3(8 0) = [x y z] - coordinates of the sun or space stationContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls VCSU1
Calculate the following: K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate of the sun or space station K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - y-coordinate of the sun or space station K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate of the sun or space station where the first coordinate is from the ship data block in INWK, and the second coordinate is from the sun or space station's ship data block which they share..VCSUB STA V+1 \ Set the low byte of V(1 0) to A, so now V(1 0) = (A V) LDY #2 \ K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate in data JSR TAS1 \ block at V(1 0) LDY #5 \ K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - y-coordinate of data JSR TAS1 \ block at V(1 0) LDY #8 \ Fall through into TAS1 to calculate the final result: \ \ K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate of data \ block at V(1 0)Name: VCSUB [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate vector K3(8 0) = [x y z] - coordinates in (A V)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TACTICS (Part 1 of 7) calls VCSUB
Calculate the following: K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate in (A V) K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - y-coordinate in (A V) K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate in (A V) where the first coordinate is from the ship data block in INWK, and the second coordinate is from the ship data block pointed to by (A V)..TAS1 LDA (V),Y \ Copy the sign byte of the V(1 0) coordinate into K+3, EOR #%10000000 \ flipping it in the process STA K+3 DEY \ Copy the high byte of the V(1 0) coordinate into K+2 LDA (V),Y STA K+2 DEY \ Copy the high byte of the V(1 0) coordinate into K+1, LDA (V),Y \ so now: STA K+1 \ \ K(3 2 1) = - coordinate in V(1 0) STY U \ Copy the index (now 0, 3 or 6) into U and X LDX U JSR MVT3 \ Call MVT3 to add the same coordinates, but this time \ from INWK, so this would look like this for the \ x-axis: \ \ K(3 2 1) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) + K(3 2 1) \ = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - coordinate in V(1 0) LDY U \ Restore the index into Y, though this instruction has \ no effect, as Y is not used again, either here or \ following calls to this routine STA K3+2,X \ Store K(3 2 1) in K3+X(2 1 0), starting with the sign \ byte LDA K+2 \ And then doing the high byte STA K3+1,X LDA K+1 \ And finally the low byte STA K3,X RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TAS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate K3 = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - V(1 0)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * VCSUB calls TAS1
Calculate one of the following, depending on the value in Y: K3(2 1 0) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - x-coordinate in V(1 0) K3(5 4 3) = (y_sign y_hi z_lo) - y-coordinate in V(1 0) K3(8 7 6) = (z_sign z_hi z_lo) - z-coordinate in V(1 0) where the first coordinate is from the ship data block in INWK, and the second coordinate is from the ship data block pointed to by V(1 0).
Arguments: V(1 0) The address of the ship data block to subtract Y The coordinate in the V(1 0) block to subtract: * If Y = 2, subtract the x-coordinate and store the result in K3(2 1 0) * If Y = 5, subtract the y-coordinate and store the result in K3(5 4 3) * If Y = 8, subtract the z-coordinate and store the result in K3(8 7 6).TAS4 LDX K%+NI%,Y \ Set Q = the Y-th byte of K%+NI%, i.e. vect_x from the STX Q \ second ship data block at K% LDA XX15 \ Set A = XX15 JSR MULT12 \ Set (S R) = Q * A \ = vect_x * XX15 LDX K%+NI%+2,Y \ Set Q = the Y+2-th byte of K%+NI%, i.e. vect_y STX Q LDA XX15+1 \ Set A = XX15+1 JSR MAD \ Set (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = vect_y * XX15+1 + vect_x * XX15 STA S \ Set (S R) = (A X) STX R LDX K%+NI%+4,Y \ Set Q = the Y+2-th byte of K%+NI%, i.e. vect_z STX Q LDA XX15+2 \ Set A = XX15+2 JMP MAD \ Set: \ \ (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = vect_z * XX15+2 + vect_y * XX15+1 + \ vect_x * XX15 \ \ and return from the subroutine using a tail callName: TAS4 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Geometry) Summary: Calculate the dot product of XX15 and one of the space station's orientation vectorsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls TAS4
Calculate the dot product of the vector in XX15 and one of the space station's orientation vectors, as determined by the value of Y. If vect is the space station orientation vector, we calculate this: (A X) = vect . XX15 = vect_x * XX15 + vect_y * XX15+1 + vect_z * XX15+2 Technically speaking, this routine can also calculate the dot product between XX15 and the sun's orientation vectors, as the sun and space station share the same ship data slot (the second ship data block at K%). However, the sun doesn't have orientation vectors, so this only gets called when that slot is being used for the space station.
Arguments: Y The space station's orientation vector: * If Y = 10, calculate nosev . XX15 * If Y = 16, calculate roofv . XX15 * If Y = 22, calculate sidev . XX15
Returns: (A X) The result of the dot product.TAS6 LDA XX15 \ Reverse the sign of the x-coordinate of the vector in EOR #%10000000 \ XX15 STA XX15 LDA XX15+1 \ Then reverse the sign of the y-coordinate EOR #%10000000 STA XX15+1 LDA XX15+2 \ And then the z-coordinate, so now the XX15 vector is EOR #%10000000 \ pointing in the opposite direction STA XX15+2 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TAS6 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Geometry) Summary: Negate the vector in XX15 so it points in the opposite directionContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls TAS6 * TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) calls TAS6.DCS1 JSR P%+3 \ Run the following routine twice, so the subtractions \ are all * 4 LDA K%+NI%+10 \ Set A to the space station's byte #10, nosev_x_hi LDX #0 \ Set K3(2 1 0) = K3(2 1 0) - A * 2 JSR TAS7 \ = K3(2 1 0) - nosev_x_hi * 2 LDA K%+NI%+12 \ Set A to the space station's byte #12, nosev_y_hi LDX #3 \ Set K3(5 4 3) = K3(5 4 3) - A * 2 JSR TAS7 \ = K3(5 4 3) - nosev_y_hi * 2 LDA K%+NI%+14 \ Set A to the space station's byte #14, nosev_z_hi LDX #6 \ Set K3(8 7 6) = K3(8 7 6) - A * 2 \ = K3(8 7 6) - nosev_x_hi * 2 .TAS7 \ This routine subtracts A * 2 from one of the K3 \ coordinates, as determined by the value of X: \ \ * X = 0, set K3(2 1 0) = K3(2 1 0) - A * 2 \ \ * X = 3, set K3(5 4 3) = K3(5 4 3) - A * 2 \ \ * X = 6, set K3(8 7 6) = K3(8 7 6) - A * 2 \ \ Let's document it for X = 0, i.e. K3(2 1 0) ASL A \ Shift A left one place and move the sign bit into the \ C flag, so A = |A * 2| STA R \ Set R = |A * 2| LDA #0 \ Rotate the sign bit of A from the C flag into the sign ROR A \ bit of A, so A is now just the sign bit from the \ original value of A. This also clears the C flag EOR #%10000000 \ Flip the sign bit of A, so it has the sign of -A EOR K3+2,X \ Give A the correct sign of K3(2 1 0) * -A BMI TS71 \ If the sign of K3(2 1 0) * -A is negative, jump to \ TS71, as K3(2 1 0) and A have the same sign \ If we get here then K3(2 1 0) and A have different \ signs, so we can add them to do the subtraction LDA R \ Set K3(2 1 0) = K3(2 1 0) + R ADC K3,X \ = K3(2 1 0) + |A * 2| STA K3,X \ \ starting with the low bytes BCC TS72 \ If the above addition didn't overflow, we have the \ result we want, so jump to TS72 to return from the \ subroutine INC K3+1,X \ The above addition overflowed, so increment the high \ byte of K3(2 1 0) .TS72 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TS71 \ If we get here, then K3(2 1 0) and A have the same \ sign LDA K3,X \ Set K3(2 1 0) = K3(2 1 0) - R SEC \ = K3(2 1 0) - |A * 2| SBC R \ STA K3,X \ starting with the low bytes LDA K3+1,X \ And then the high bytes SBC #0 STA K3+1,X BCS TS72 \ If the subtraction didn't underflow, we have the \ result we want, so jump to TS72 to return from the \ subroutine LDA K3,X \ Negate the result in K3(2 1 0) by flipping all the EOR #%11111111 \ bits and adding 1, i.e. using two's complement to ADC #1 \ give it the opposite sign, starting with the low STA K3,X \ bytes LDA K3+1,X \ Then doing the high bytes EOR #%11111111 ADC #0 STA K3+1,X LDA K3+2,X \ And finally, flipping the sign bit EOR #%10000000 STA K3+2,X JMP TS72 \ Jump to TS72 to return from the subroutineName: DCS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Flight Summary: Calculate the vector from the ideal docking position to the shipContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOCKIT calls DCS1
This routine is called by the docking computer routine in DOCKIT. It works out the vector between the ship and the ideal docking position, which is straight in front of the docking slot, but some distance away. Specifically, it calculates the following: * K3(2 1 0) = K3(2 1 0) - nosev_x_hi * 4 * K3(5 4 3) = K3(5 4 3) - nosev_y_hi * 4 * K3(8 7 6) = K3(8 7 6) - nosev_x_hi * 4 where K3 is the vector from the station to the ship, and nosev is the nose vector for the space station. The nose vector points from the centre of the station through the slot, so -nosev * 4 is the vector from a point in front of the docking slot, but some way from the station, back to the centre of the station. Adding this to the vector from the station to the ship gives the vector from the point in front of the station to the ship. In practice, this routine is called twice, so the ideal docking position is actually at a distance of 8 unit vectors from the centre of the station. Back in DOCKIT, we flip this vector round to get the vector from the ship to the point in front of the station slot.
Arguments: K3 The vector from the station to the ship
Returns: K3 The vector from the ship to the ideal docking position (4 unit vectors from the centre of the station for each call to DCS1, so two calls will return the vector to a point that's 8 unit vectors from the centre of the station).HITCH CLC \ Clear the C flag so we can return with it cleared if \ our checks fail LDA INWK+8 \ Set A = z_sign BNE HI1 \ If A is non-zero then the ship is behind us and can't \ be in our crosshairs, so return from the subroutine \ with the C flag clear (as HI1 contains an RTS) LDA TYPE \ If the ship type has bit 7 set then it is the planet BMI HI1 \ or sun, which we can't target or hit with lasers, so \ return from the subroutine with the C flag clear (as \ HI1 contains an RTS) LDA INWK+31 \ Fetch bit 5 of byte #31 (the exploding flag) and OR AND #%00100000 \ with x_hi and y_hi ORA INWK+1 ORA INWK+4 BNE HI1 \ If this value is non-zero then either the ship is \ exploding (so we can't target it), or the ship is too \ far away from our line of fire to be targeted, so \ return from the subroutine with the C flag clear (as \ HI1 contains an RTS) LDA INWK \ Set A = x_lo JSR SQUA2 \ Set (A P) = A * A = x_lo^2 STA S \ Set (S R) = (A P) = x_lo^2 LDA P STA R LDA INWK+3 \ Set A = y_lo JSR SQUA2 \ Set (A P) = A * A = y_lo^2 TAX \ Store the high byte in X LDA P \ Add the two low bytes, so: ADC R \ STA R \ R = P + R TXA \ Restore the high byte into A and add S to give the ADC S \ following: \ \ (A R) = (S R) + (A P) = x_lo^2 + y_lo^2 BCS TN10 \ If the addition just overflowed then there is no way \ our crosshairs are within the ship's targetable area, \ so return from the subroutine with the C flag clear \ (as TN10 contains a CLC then an RTS) STA S \ Set (S R) = (A P) = x_lo^2 + y_lo^2 LDY #2 \ Fetch the ship's blueprint and set A to the high byte LDA (XX0),Y \ of the targetable area of the ship CMP S \ We now compare the high bytes of the targetable area \ and the calculation in (S R): \ \ * If A >= S then then the C flag will be set \ \ * If A < S then the C flag will be C clear BNE HI1 \ If A <> S we have just set the C flag correctly, so \ return from the subroutine (as HI1 contains an RTS) DEY \ The high bytes were identical, so now we fetch the LDA (XX0),Y \ low byte of the targetable area into A CMP R \ We now compare the low bytes of the targetable area \ and the calculation in (S R): \ \ * If A >= R then the C flag will be set \ \ * If A < R then the C flag will be C clear .HI1 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .TN10 CLC \ Clear the C flag to indicate the ship is not in our \ crosshairs RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: HITCH [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Work out if the ship in INWK is in our crosshairs Deep dive: In the crosshairsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 11 of 16) calls HITCH * ANGRY calls via HI1
This is called by the main flight loop to see if we have laser or missile lock on an enemy ship.
Returns: C flag Set if the ship is in our crosshairs, clear if it isn't
Other entry points: HI1 Contains an RTS.FRS1 JSR ZINF \ Call ZINF to reset the INWK ship workspace LDA #28 \ Set y_lo = 28 STA INWK+3 LSR A \ Set z_lo = 14, so the launched ship starts out STA INWK+6 \ ahead of us LDA #%10000000 \ Set y_sign to be negative, so the launched ship is STA INWK+5 \ launched just below our line of sight LDA MSTG \ Set A to the missile lock target, shifted left so the ASL A \ slot number is in bits 1-5 ORA #%10000000 \ Set bit 7 and store the result in byte #32, the AI STA INWK+32 \ flag launched ship for the launched ship. For missiles \ this enables AI (bit 7), makes it friendly towards us \ (bit 6), sets the target to the value of MSTG (bits \ 1-5), and sets its lock status as launched (bit 0). \ It doesn't matter what it does for our abandoned \ Cobra, as the AI flag gets overwritten once we return \ from the subroutine back to the ESCAPE routine that \ called FRS1 in the first place .fq1 LDA #&60 \ Set byte #14 (nosev_z_hi) to 1 (&60), so the launched STA INWK+14 \ ship is pointing away from us ORA #128 \ Set byte #22 (sidev_x_hi) to -1 (&D0), so the launched STA INWK+22 \ ship has the same orientation as spawned ships, just \ pointing away from us (if we set sidev to +1 instead, \ this ship would be a mirror image of all the other \ ships, which are spawned with -1 in nosev and +1 in \ sidev) LDA DELTA \ Set byte #27 (speed) to 2 * DELTA, so the launched ROL A \ ship flies off at twice our speed STA INWK+27 TXA \ Add a new ship of type X to our local bubble of JMP NWSHP \ universe and return from the subroutine using a tail \ callName: FRS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Launch a ship straight ahead of us, below the laser sightsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * ESCAPE calls FRS1 * FRMIS calls FRS1 * DEATH calls via fq1
This is used in two places: * When we launch a missile, in which case the missile is the ship that is launched ahead of us * When we launch our escape pod, in which case it's our abandoned Cobra Mk III that is launched ahead of us * The fq1 entry point is used to launch a bunch of cargo canisters ahead of us as part of the death screen
Arguments: X The type of ship to launch ahead of us
Returns: C flag Set if the ship was successfully launched, clear if it wasn't (as there wasn't enough free memory)
Other entry points: fq1 Used to add a cargo canister to the universe.FRMIS LDX #MSL \ Call FRS1 to launch a missile straight ahead of us JSR FRS1 BCC FR1 \ If FRS1 returns with the C flag clear, then there \ isn't room in the universe for our missile, so jump \ down to FR1 to display a "missile jammed" message LDX MSTG \ Fetch the slot number of the missile's target JSR GINF \ Get the address of the data block for the target ship \ and store it in INF LDA FRIN,X \ Fetch the ship type of the missile's target into A JSR ANGRY \ Call ANGRY to make the target ship hostile \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDY #0 \ We have just launched a missile, so we need to remove \JSR ABORT \ missile lock and hide the leftmost indicator on the \ \ dashboard by setting it to black (Y = 0) \ --- End of removed code -----------------------------> DEC NOMSL \ Reduce the number of missiles we have by 1 \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA #48 \ Call the NOISE routine with A = 48 to make the sound \JMP NOISE \ of a missile launch, returning from the subroutine \ \ using a tail call \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> JSR msblob \ Reset the dashboard's missile indicators so none of \ them are targeted, returning with Y = 0 and X = &FF STY MSAR \ The call to msblob returns Y = 0, so this sets MSAR \ to 0 to indicate that the leftmost missile is no \ longer seeking a target lock STX MSTG \ The call to msblob returns X = &FF, so this resets the \ missile so that it is no longer locked on a target JMP n_sound30 \ Call n_sound30 to make the sound of a missile launch, \ returning from the subroutine using a tail call \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------>Name: FRMIS [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Fire a missile from our shipContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 3 of 16) calls FRMIS
We fired a missile, so send it streaking away from us to unleash mayhem and destruction on our sworn enemies.\ --- Mod: Code added for Elite-A: --------------------> .anger_8c LDA TYPE \ Fetch the type of the current ship into A \ Fall through into ANGRY to make this ship hostile \ --- End of added code ------------------------------->Name: anger_8c [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Make the current ship angryContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 10 of 16) calls anger_8c * Main flight loop (Part 11 of 16) calls anger_8c.ANGRY CMP #SST \ If this is the space station, jump to AN2 to make the BEQ AN2 \ space station hostile LDY #36 \ Fetch the ship's NEWB flags from byte #36 LDA (INF),Y AND #%00100000 \ If bit 5 of the ship's NEWB flags is clear, skip the BEQ P%+5 \ following instruction, otherwise bit 5 is set, meaning \ this ship is an innocent bystander, and attacking it \ will annoy the space station JSR AN2 \ Call AN2 to make the space station hostile LDY #32 \ Fetch the ship's byte #32 (AI flag) LDA (INF),Y BEQ HI1 \ If the AI flag is zero then this ship has no AI and \ it can't get hostile, so return from the subroutine \ (as HI1 contains an RTS) ORA #%10000000 \ Otherwise set bit 7 (AI enabled) to ensure AI is STA (INF),Y \ definitely enabled LDY #28 \ Set the ship's byte #28 (acceleration) to 2, so it LDA #2 \ speeds up STA (INF),Y ASL A \ Set the ship's byte #30 (pitch counter) to 4, so it LDY #30 \ starts diving STA (INF),Y \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA TYPE \ If the ship's type is < #CYL (i.e. a missile, Coriolis \CMP #CYL \ space station, escape pod, plate, cargo canister, \BCC AN3 \ boulder, asteroid, splinter, Shuttle or Transporter), \ \ then jump to AN3 to skip the following \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA TYPE \ If the ship's type is < 11 (i.e. a missile, Coriolis CMP #11 \ space station, escape pod, plate, cargo canister, BCC AN3 \ boulder, asteroid, splinter, Shuttle or Transporter), \ then jump to AN3 to skip the following \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> LDY #36 \ Set bit 2 of the ship's NEWB flags in byte #36 to LDA (INF),Y \ make this ship hostile ORA #%00000100 STA (INF),Y .AN3 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .AN2 LDA K%+NI%+36 \ Set bit 2 of the NEWB flags in byte #36 of the second ORA #%00000100 \ ship in the ship data workspace at K%, which is STA K%+NI%+36 \ reserved for the sun or the space station (in this \ case it's the latter), to make it hostile RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: ANGRY [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Make a ship hostileContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * FRMIS calls ANGRY
All this routine does is set the ship's hostile flag, start it turning and give it a kick of acceleration - later calls to TACTICS will make the ship start to attack us.
Arguments: A The type of ship we're going to irritate INF The address of the data block for the ship we're going to infuriate.FR1 LDA #201 \ Print recursive token 41 ("MISSILE JAMMED") as an JMP MESS \ in-flight message and return from the subroutine using \ a tail callName: FR1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Tactics Summary: Display the "missile jammed" messageContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * FRMIS calls FR1
This is shown if there isn't room in the local bubble of universe for a new missile.
Other entry points: FR1-2 Clear the C flag and return from the subroutine.SESCP LDX #ESC \ Set X to the ship type for an escape pod LDA #%11111110 \ Set A to an AI flag that has AI enabled, is hostile, \ but has no E.C.M. \ Fall through into SFS1 to spawn the escape podName: SESCP [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Flight Summary: Spawn an escape pod from the current (parent) shipContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TACTICS (Part 4 of 7) calls SESCP
This is called when an enemy ship has run out of both energy and luck, so it's time to bail..SFS1 STA T1 \ Store the child ship's AI flag in T1 \ Before spawning our child ship, we need to save the \ INF and XX00 variables and the whole INWK workspace, \ so we can restore them later when returning from the \ subroutine TXA \ Store X, the ship type to spawn, on the stack so we PHA \ can preserve it through the routine LDA XX0 \ Store XX0(1 0) on the stack, so we can restore it PHA \ later when returning from the subroutine LDA XX0+1 PHA LDA INF \ Store INF(1 0) on the stack, so we can restore it PHA \ later when returning from the subroutine LDA INF+1 PHA LDY #NI%-1 \ Now we want to store the current INWK data block in \ temporary memory so we can restore it when we are \ done, and we also want to copy the parent's ship data \ into INWK, which we can do at the same time, so set up \ a counter in Y for NI% bytes .FRL2 LDA INWK,Y \ Copy the Y-th byte of INWK to the Y-th byte of STA XX3,Y \ temporary memory in XX3, so we can restore it later \ when returning from the subroutine LDA (INF),Y \ Copy the Y-th byte of the parent ship's data block to STA INWK,Y \ the Y-th byte of INWK DEY \ Decrement the loop counter BPL FRL2 \ Loop back to copy the next byte until we have done \ them all \ INWK now contains the ship data for the parent ship, \ so now we need to tweak the data before creating the \ new child ship (in this way, the child inherits things \ like location from the parent) LDA NEWB \ Clear bits 0-1 and 5-7 of the ship's NEWB flags, AND #%00011100 \ leaving only the hostile, pirate and docking flags STA NEWB \ (so the child inherits these flags from the parent, \ meaning pirates spawn pirates, angry ships spawn \ angry ships, and ships that are docking spawn ships \ that are also docking) LDA TYPE \ Fetch the ship type of the parent into A CMP #SST \ If the parent is not a space station, jump to rx to BNE rx \ skip the following \ The parent is a space station, so the child needs to \ launch out of the space station's slot. The space \ station's nosev vector points out of the station's \ slot, so we want to move the ship along this vector. \ We do this by taking the unit vector in nosev and \ doubling it, so we spawn our ship 2 units along the \ vector from the space station's centre TXA \ Store the child's ship type in X on the stack PHA LDA #32 \ Set the child's byte #27 (speed) to 32 STA INWK+27 LDX #0 \ Add 2 * nosev_x_hi to (x_lo, x_hi, x_sign) to get the LDA INWK+10 \ child's x-coordinate JSR SFS2 LDX #3 \ Add 2 * nosev_y_hi to (y_lo, y_hi, y_sign) to get the LDA INWK+12 \ child's y-coordinate JSR SFS2 LDX #6 \ Add 2 * nosev_z_hi to (z_lo, z_hi, z_sign) to get the LDA INWK+14 \ child's z-coordinate JSR SFS2 PLA \ Restore the child's ship type from the stack into X TAX .rx LDA T1 \ Restore the child ship's AI flag from T1 and store it STA INWK+32 \ in the child's byte #32 (AI) LSR INWK+29 \ Clear bit 0 of the child's byte #29 (roll counter) so ASL INWK+29 \ that its roll dampens (so if we are spawning from a \ space station, for example, the spawned ship won't \ keep rolling forever) TXA \ Copy the child's ship type from X into A CMP #SPL+1 \ If the type of the child we are spawning is less than BCS NOIL \ #PLT or greater than #SPL - i.e. not an alloy plate, CMP #PLT \ cargo canister, boulder, asteroid or splinter - then BCC NOIL \ jump to NOIL to skip us setting up some pitch and roll \ for it PHA \ Store the child's ship type on the stack so we can \ retrieve it below JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers ASL A \ Set the child's byte #30 (pitch counter) to a random STA INWK+30 \ value, and at the same time set the C flag randomly TXA \ Set the child's byte #27 (speed) to a random value AND #%00001111 \ between 0 and 15 STA INWK+27 LDA #&FF \ Set the child's byte #29 (roll counter) to a full ROR A \ roll with no damping (as bits 0 to 6 are set), so the STA INWK+29 \ canister tumbles through space, with the direction in \ bit 7 set randomly, depending on the C flag from above PLA \ Retrieve the child's ship type from the stack .NOIL JSR NWSHP \ Add a new ship of type A to the local bubble \ We have now created our child ship, so we need to \ restore all the variables we saved at the start of \ the routine, so they are preserved when we return \ from the subroutine PLA \ Restore INF(1 0) from the stack STA INF+1 PLA STA INF LDX #NI%-1 \ Now to restore the INWK workspace that we saved into \ XX3 above, so set a counter in X for NI% bytes .FRL3 LDA XX3,X \ Copy the Y-th byte of XX3 to the Y-th byte of INWK STA INWK,X DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BPL FRL3 \ Loop back to copy the next byte until we have done \ them all PLA \ Restore XX0(1 0) from the stack STA XX0+1 PLA STA XX0 PLA \ Retrieve the ship type to spawn from the stack into X TAX \ so it is preserved through calls to this routine RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: SFS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Universe Summary: Spawn a child ship from the current (parent) shipContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * SPIN calls SFS1 * TACTICS (Part 2 of 7) calls SFS1 * TACTICS (Part 5 of 7) calls SFS1 * SFRMIS calls via SFS1-2
If the parent is a space station then the child ship is spawned coming out of the slot, and if the child is a cargo canister, it is sent tumbling through space. Otherwise the child ship is spawned with the same ship data as the parent, just with damping disabled and the ship type and AI flag that are passed in A and X.
Arguments: A AI flag for the new ship (see the documentation on ship data byte #32 for details) X The ship type of the child to spawn INF Address of the parent's ship data block TYPE The type of the parent ship
Returns: C flag Set if ship successfully added, clear if it failed INF INF is preserved XX0 XX0 is preserved INWK The whole INWK workspace is preserved X X is preserved
Other entry points: SFS1-2 Add a missile to the local bubble that has AI enabled, is hostile, but has no E.C.M..SFS2 ASL A \ Set R = |A * 2|, with the C flag set to bit 7 of A STA R LDA #0 \ Set bit 7 of A to the C flag, i.e. the sign bit from ROR A \ the original argument in A JMP MVT1 \ Add the delta R with sign A to (x_lo, x_hi, x_sign) \ (or y or z, depending on the value in X) and return \ from the subroutine using a tail callName: SFS2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Moving Summary: Move a ship in space along one of the coordinate axesContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * SFS1 calls SFS2
Move a ship's coordinates by a certain amount in the direction of one of the axes, where X determines the axis. Mathematically speaking, this routine translates the ship along a single axis by a signed delta.
Arguments: A The amount of movement, i.e. the signed delta X Determines which coordinate axis of INWK to move: * X = 0 moves the ship along the x-axis * X = 3 moves the ship along the y-axis * X = 6 moves the ship along the z-axis.LL164 LDA #56 \ Call the NOISE routine with A = 56 to make the sound JSR NOISE \ of the hyperspace drive being engaged LDA #1 \ Set HFX to 1, which switches the screen mode to a full STA HFX \ mode 5 screen, therefore making the hyperspace rings \ multi-coloured and all zig-zaggy (see the IRQ1 routine \ for details) LDA #4 \ Set the step size for the hyperspace rings to 4, so \ there are more sections in the rings and they are \ quite round (compared to the step size of 8 used in \ the much more polygonal launch rings) JSR HFS2 \ Call HFS2 to draw the hyperspace tunnel rings DEC HFX \ Set HFX back to 0, so we switch back to the normal \ split-screen mode RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: LL164 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing circles Summary: Make the hyperspace sound and draw the hyperspace tunnelContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MJP calls LL164 * TT18 calls LL164
See the IRQ1 routine for details on the multi-coloured effect that's used..LAUN \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA #48 \ Call the NOISE routine with A = 48 to make the sound \JSR NOISE \ of the ship launching from the station \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> JSR n_sound30 \ Call n_sound30 to make the sound of the ship launching \ from the station \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> LDA #8 \ Set the step size for the launch tunnel rings to 8, so \ there are fewer sections in the rings and they are \ quite polygonal (compared to the step size of 4 used \ in the much rounder hyperspace rings) \ Fall through into HFS2 to draw the launch tunnel ringsName: LAUN [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing circles Summary: Make the launch sound and draw the launch tunnelContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TT110 calls LAUN
This is shown when launching from or docking with the space station..HFS2 STA STP \ Store the step size in A JSR TTX66 \ Clear the screen and draw a border box .HFS1 LDX #X \ Set K3 = #X (the x-coordinate of the centre of the STX K3 \ screen) LDX #Y \ Set K4 = #Y (the y-coordinate of the centre of the STX K4 \ screen) LDX #0 \ Set X = 0 STX XX4 \ Set XX4 = 0, which we will use as a counter for \ drawing eight concentric rings STX K3+1 \ Set the high bytes of K3(1 0) and K4(1 0) to 0 STX K4+1 .HFL5 JSR HFL1 \ Call HFL1 below to draw a set of rings, with each one \ twice the radius of the previous one, until they won't \ fit on-screen INC XX4 \ Increment the counter and fetch it into X LDX XX4 CPX #8 \ If we haven't drawn 8 sets of rings yet, loop back to BNE HFL5 \ HFL5 to draw the next ring RTS \ Return from the subroutine .HFL1 LDA XX4 \ Set K to the ring number in XX4 (0-7) + 8, so K has AND #7 \ a value of 8 to 15, which we will use as the starting CLC \ radius for our next set of rings ADC #8 STA K .HFL2 LDA #1 \ Set LSP = 1 to reset the ball line heap STA LSP JSR CIRCLE2 \ Call CIRCLE2 to draw a circle with the centre at \ (K3(1 0), K4(1 0)) and radius K ASL K \ Double the radius in K BCS HF8 \ If the radius had a 1 in bit 7 before the above shift, \ then doubling K will means the circle will no longer \ fit on the screen (which is width 256), so jump to \ HF8 to stop drawing circles LDA K \ If the radius in K <= 160, loop back to HFL2 to draw CMP #160 \ another one BCC HFL2 .HF8 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: HFS2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing circles Summary: Draw the launch or hyperspace tunnelContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * LL164 calls HFS2 * Main flight loop (Part 9 of 16) calls HFS2
The animation gets drawn like this. First, we draw a circle of radius 8 at the centre, and then double the radius, draw another circle, double the radius again and draw a circle, and we keep doing this until the radius is bigger than 160 (which goes beyond the edge of the screen, which is 256 pixels wide, equivalent to a radius of 128). We then repeat this whole process for an initial circle of radius 9, then radius 10, all the way up to radius 15. This has the effect of making the tunnel appear to be racing towards us as we hurtle out into hyperspace or through the space station's docking tunnel. The hyperspace effect is done in a full mode 5 screen, which makes the rings all coloured and zig-zaggy, while the launch screen is in the normal monochrome mode 4 screen..STARS2 LDA #0 \ Set A to 0 so we can use it to capture a sign bit CPX #2 \ If X >= 2 then the C flag is set ROR A \ Roll the C flag into the sign bit of A and store in STA RAT \ RAT, so: \ \ * Left view, C is clear so RAT = 0 (positive) \ \ * Right view, C is set so RAT = 128 (negative) \ \ RAT represents the end of the x-axis where we want new \ stardust particles to come from: positive for the left \ view where new particles come in from the right, \ negative for the right view where new particles come \ in from the left EOR #%10000000 \ Set RAT2 to the opposite sign, so: STA RAT2 \ \ * Left view, RAT2 = 128 (negative) \ \ * Right view, RAT2 = 0 (positive) \ \ RAT2 represents the direction in which stardust \ particles should move along the x-axis: negative for \ the left view where particles go from right to left, \ positive for the right view where particles go from \ left to right JSR ST2 \ Call ST2 to flip the signs of the following if this is \ the right view: ALPHA, ALP2, ALP2+1, BET2 and BET2+1 LDY NOSTM \ Set Y to the current number of stardust particles, so \ we can use it as a counter through all the stardust .STL2 LDA SZ,Y \ Set A = ZZ = z_hi STA ZZ \ We also set ZZ to the original value of z_hi, which we \ use below to remove the existing particle LSR A \ Set A = z_hi / 8 LSR A LSR A JSR DV41 \ Call DV41 to set the following: \ \ (P R) = 256 * DELTA / A \ = 256 * speed / (z_hi / 8) \ = 8 * 256 * speed / z_hi \ \ This represents the distance we should move this \ particle along the x-axis, let's call it delta_x LDA P \ Set S = P but with the sign from RAT2, so we now have EOR RAT2 \ the distance delta_x with the correct sign in (S R): STA S \ \ (S R) = delta_x \ = 8 * 256 * speed / z_hi \ \ So (S R) is the delta, signed to match the direction \ the stardust should move in, which is result 1 above LDA SXL,Y \ Set (A P) = (x_hi x_lo) STA P \ = x LDA SX,Y STA X1 \ Set X1 = A, so X1 contains the original value of x_hi, \ which we use below to remove the existing particle JSR ADD \ Call ADD to calculate: \ \ (A X) = (A P) + (S R) \ = x + delta_x STA S \ Set (S R) = (A X) STX R \ = x + delta_x LDA SY,Y \ Set A = y_hi STA Y1 \ Set Y1 = A, so Y1 contains the original value of y_hi, \ which we use below to remove the existing particle EOR BET2 \ Give A the correct sign of A * beta, i.e. y_hi * beta LDX BET1 \ Fetch |beta| from BET1, the pitch angle JSR MULTS-2 \ Call MULTS-2 to calculate: \ \ (A P) = X * A \ = beta * y_hi JSR ADD \ Call ADD to calculate: \ \ (A X) = (A P) + (S R) \ = beta * y + x + delta_x STX XX \ Set XX(1 0) = (A X), which gives us results 2 and 3 STA XX+1 \ above, done at the same time: \ \ x = x + delta_x + beta * y LDX SYL,Y \ Set (S R) = (y_hi y_lo) STX R \ = y LDX Y1 STX S LDX BET1 \ Fetch |beta| from BET1, the pitch angle EOR BET2+1 \ Give A the opposite sign to x * beta JSR MULTS-2 \ Call MULTS-2 to calculate: \ \ (A P) = X * A \ = -beta * x JSR ADD \ Call ADD to calculate: \ \ (A X) = (A P) + (S R) \ = -beta * x + y STX YY \ Set YY(1 0) = (A X), which gives us result 4 above: STA YY+1 \ \ y = y - beta * x LDX ALP1 \ Set X = |alpha| from ALP2, the roll angle EOR ALP2 \ Give A the correct sign of A * alpha, i.e. y_hi * \ alpha JSR MULTS-2 \ Call MULTS-2 to calculate: \ \ (A P) = X * A \ = alpha * y STA Q \ Set Q = high byte of alpha * y LDA XX \ Set (S R) = XX(1 0) STA R \ = x LDA XX+1 \ STA S \ and set A = y_hi at the same time EOR #%10000000 \ Flip the sign of A = -x_hi JSR MAD \ Call MAD to calculate: \ \ (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = alpha * y * -x + x STA XX+1 \ Store the high byte A in XX+1 TXA \ Store the low byte X in x_lo STA SXL,Y \ So (XX+1 x_lo) now contains result 5 above: \ \ x = x - alpha * x * y LDA YY \ Set (S R) = YY(1 0) STA R \ = y LDA YY+1 \ STA S \ and set A = y_hi at the same time JSR MAD \ Call MAD to calculate: \ \ (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = alpha * y * y_hi + y STA S \ Set (S R) = (A X) STX R \ = y + alpha * y * y LDA #0 \ Set P = 0 STA P LDA ALPHA \ Set A = alpha, so: \ \ (A P) = (alpha 0) \ = alpha / 256 JSR PIX1 \ Call PIX1 to calculate the following: \ \ (YY+1 y_lo) = (A P) + (S R) \ = alpha * 256 + y + alpha * y * y \ \ i.e. y = y + alpha / 256 + alpha * y^2, which is \ result 6 above \ \ PIX1 also draws a particle at (X1, Y1) with distance \ ZZ, which will remove the old stardust particle, as we \ set X1, Y1 and ZZ to the original values for this \ particle during the calculations above \ We now have our newly moved stardust particle at \ x-coordinate (XX+1 x_lo) and y-coordinate (YY+1 y_lo) \ and distance z_hi, so we draw it if it's still on \ screen, otherwise we recycle it as a new bit of \ stardust and draw that LDA XX+1 \ Set X1 and x_hi to the high byte of XX in XX+1, so STA SX,Y \ the new x-coordinate is in (x_hi x_lo) and the high STA X1 \ byte is in X1 AND #%01111111 \ If |x_hi| >= 116 then jump to KILL2 to recycle this CMP #116 \ particle, as it's gone off the side of the screen, BCS KILL2 \ and rejoin at STC2 with the new particle LDA YY+1 \ Set Y1 and y_hi to the high byte of YY in YY+1, so STA SY,Y \ the new x-coordinate is in (y_hi y_lo) and the high STA Y1 \ byte is in Y1 AND #%01111111 \ If |y_hi| >= 116 then jump to ST5 to recycle this CMP #116 \ particle, as it's gone off the top or bottom of the BCS ST5 \ screen, and rejoin at STC2 with the new particle .STC2 JSR PIXEL2 \ Draw a stardust particle at (X1,Y1) with distance ZZ, \ i.e. draw the newly moved particle at (x_hi, y_hi) \ with distance z_hi DEY \ Decrement the loop counter to point to the next \ stardust particle BEQ ST2 \ If we have just done the last particle, skip the next \ instruction to return from the subroutine JMP STL2 \ We have more stardust to process, so jump back up to \ STL2 for the next particle \ Fall through into ST2 to restore the signs of the \ following if this is the right view: ALPHA, ALP2, \ ALP2+1, BET2 and BET2+1 .ST2 LDA ALPHA \ If this is the right view, flip the sign of ALPHA EOR RAT STA ALPHA LDA ALP2 \ If this is the right view, flip the sign of ALP2 EOR RAT STA ALP2 EOR #%10000000 \ If this is the right view, flip the sign of ALP2+1 STA ALP2+1 LDA BET2 \ If this is the right view, flip the sign of BET2 EOR RAT STA BET2 EOR #%10000000 \ If this is the right view, flip the sign of BET2+1 STA BET2+1 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .KILL2 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers STA Y1 \ Set y_hi and Y1 to random numbers, so the particle STA SY,Y \ starts anywhere along the y-axis LDA #115 \ Make sure A is at least 115 and has the sign in RAT ORA RAT STA X1 \ Set x_hi and X1 to A, so this particle starts on the STA SX,Y \ correct edge of the screen for new particles BNE STF1 \ Jump down to STF1 to set the z-coordinate (this BNE is \ effectively a JMP as A will never be zero) .ST5 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers STA X1 \ Set x_hi and X1 to random numbers, so the particle STA SX,Y \ starts anywhere along the x-axis LDA #110 \ Make sure A is at least 110 and has the sign in AL2+1, ORA ALP2+1 \ the flipped sign of the roll angle alpha STA Y1 \ Set y_hi and Y1 to A, so the particle starts at the STA SY,Y \ top or bottom edge, depending on the current roll \ angle alpha .STF1 JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers ORA #8 \ Make sure A is at least 8 and store it in z_hi and STA ZZ \ ZZ, so the new particle starts at any distance from STA SZ,Y \ us, but not too close BNE STC2 \ Jump up to STC2 to draw this new particle (this BNE is \ effectively a JMP as A will never be zero)Name: STARS2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Stardust Summary: Process the stardust for the left or right view Deep dive: Stardust in the side viewsContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS calls STARS2
This moves the stardust sideways according to our speed and which side we are looking out of, and applies our current pitch and roll to each particle of dust, so the stardust moves correctly when we steer our ship. These are the calculations referred to in the commentary: 1. delta_x = 8 * 256 * speed / z_hi 2. x = x + delta_x 3. x = x + beta * y 4. y = y - beta * x 5. x = x - alpha * x * y 6. y = y + alpha * y * y + alpha For more information see the associated deep dive.
Arguments: X The view to process: * X = 1 for left view * X = 2 for right view.MU5 \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \STA K \ Set K(3 2 1 0) to (A A A A) \STA K+1 \STA K+2 \STA K+3 \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> STA K \ Set K(3 2 1 0) to (A A A A), starting with the lowest \ byte .n_store STA K+1 \ And then the high bytes STA K+2 STA K+3 \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> CLC \ Clear the C flag RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MU5 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Set K(3 2 1 0) = (A A A A) and clear the C flagContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MULT3 calls MU5 * DVID3B2 calls via n_store
In practice this is only called via a BEQ following an AND instruction, in which case A = 0, so this routine effectively does this: K(3 2 1 0) = 0
Other entry points: n_store Set K(3 2 1) = (A A A) and clear the C flag.MULT3 STA R \ Store the high byte of (A P+1 P) in R AND #%01111111 \ Set K+2 to |A|, the high byte of K(2 1 0) STA K+2 LDA Q \ Set A to bits 0-6 of Q, so A = |Q| AND #%01111111 BEQ MU5 \ If |Q| = 0, jump to MU5 to set K(3 2 1 0) to 0, \ returning from the subroutine using a tail call SEC \ Set T = |Q| - 1 SBC #1 STA T \ We now use the same shift-and-add algorithm as MULT1 \ to calculate the following: \ \ K(2 1 0) = K(2 1 0) * |Q| \ \ so we start with the first shift right, in which we \ take (K+2 P+1 P) and shift it right, storing the \ result in K(2 1 0), ready for the multiplication loop \ (so the multiplication loop actually calculates \ (|A| P+1 P) * |Q|, as the following sets K(2 1 0) to \ (|A| P+1 P) shifted right) LDA P+1 \ Set A = P+1 LSR K+2 \ Shift the high byte in K+2 to the right ROR A \ Shift the middle byte in A to the right and store in STA K+1 \ K+1 (so K+1 contains P+1 shifted right) LDA P \ Shift the middle byte in P to the right and store in ROR A \ K, so K(2 1 0) now contains (|A| P+1 P) shifted right STA K \ We now use the same shift-and-add algorithm as MULT1 \ to calculate the following: \ \ K(2 1 0) = K(2 1 0) * |Q| LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A LDX #24 \ Set up a counter in X to count the 24 bits in K(2 1 0) .MUL2 BCC P%+4 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from K) is set, do the ADC T \ addition for this bit of K: \ \ A = A + T + C \ = A + |Q| - 1 + 1 \ = A + |Q| ROR A \ Shift A right by one place to catch the next digit ROR K+2 \ next digit of our result in the left end of K(2 1 0), ROR K+1 \ while also shifting K(2 1 0) right to fetch the next ROR K \ bit for the calculation into the C flag \ \ On the last iteration of this loop, the bit falling \ off the end of K will be bit 0 of the original A, as \ we did one shift before the loop and we are doing 24 \ iterations. We set A to 0 before looping, so this \ means the loop exits with the C flag clear DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE MUL2 \ Loop back for the next bit until K(2 1 0) has been \ rotated all the way \ The result (|A| P+1 P) * |Q| is now in (A K+2 K+1 K), \ but it is positive and doesn't have the correct sign \ of the final result yet STA T \ Save the high byte of the result into T LDA R \ Fetch the sign byte from the original (A P+1 P) \ argument that we stored in R EOR Q \ EOR with Q so the sign bit is the same as that of \ (A P+1 P) * Q AND #%10000000 \ Extract the sign bit ORA T \ Apply this to the high byte of the result in T, so \ that A now has the correct sign for the result, and \ (A K+2 K+1 K) therefore contains the correctly signed \ result STA K+3 \ Store A in K+3, so K(3 2 1 0) now contains the result RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MULT3 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate K(3 2 1 0) = (A P+1 P) * Q Deep dive: Shift-and-add multiplicationContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MV40 calls MULT3
Calculate the following multiplication between a signed 24-bit number and a signed 8-bit number, returning the result as a signed 32-bit number: K(3 2 1 0) = (A P+1 P) * Q The algorithm is the same shift-and-add algorithm as in routine MULT1, but extended to cope with more bits.
Returns: C flag The C flag is cleared.MLS2 LDX XX \ Set (S R) = XX(1 0), starting with the low bytes STX R LDX XX+1 \ And then doing the high bytes STX S \ Fall through into MLS1 to calculate (A P) = A * ALP1Name: MLS2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (S R) = XX(1 0) and (A P) = A * ALP1Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls MLS2 * STARS6 calls MLS2
Calculate the following: (S R) = XX(1 0) (A P) = A * ALP1 where ALP1 is the magnitude of the current roll angle alpha, in the range 0-31..MLS1 LDX ALP1 \ Set P to the roll angle alpha magnitude in ALP1 STX P \ (0-31), so now we calculate P * A .MULTS TAX \ Set X = A, so now we can calculate P * X instead of \ P * A to get our result, and we can use the algorithm \ from MU11 to do that, just unrolled (as MU11 returns \ P * X) AND #%10000000 \ Set T to the sign bit of A STA T TXA \ Set A = |A| AND #127 BEQ MU6 \ If A = 0, jump to MU6 to set P(1 0) = 0 and return \ from the subroutine using a tail call TAX \ Set T1 = X - 1 DEX \ STX T1 \ We subtract 1 as the C flag will be set when we want \ to do an addition in the loop below LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A LSR P \ Set P = P >> 1 \ and C flag = bit 0 of P \ We are now going to work our way through the bits of \ P, and do a shift-add for any bits that are set, \ keeping the running total in A, but instead of using a \ loop like MU11, we just unroll it, starting with bit 0 BCC P%+4 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from P) is set, do the ADC T1 \ addition for this bit of P: \ \ A = A + T1 + C \ = A + X - 1 + 1 \ = A + X ROR A \ Shift A right to catch the next digit of our result, \ which the next ROR sticks into the left end of P while \ also extracting the next bit of P ROR P \ Add the overspill from shifting A to the right onto \ the start of P, and shift P right to fetch the next \ bit for the calculation into the C flag BCC P%+4 \ Repeat the shift-and-add loop for bit 1 ADC T1 ROR A ROR P BCC P%+4 \ Repeat the shift-and-add loop for bit 2 ADC T1 ROR A ROR P BCC P%+4 \ Repeat the shift-and-add loop for bit 3 ADC T1 ROR A ROR P BCC P%+4 \ Repeat the shift-and-add loop for bit 4 ADC T1 ROR A ROR P LSR A \ Just do the "shift" part for bit 5 ROR P LSR A \ Just do the "shift" part for bit 6 ROR P LSR A \ Just do the "shift" part for bit 7 ROR P ORA T \ Give A the sign bit of the original argument A that \ we put into T above RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MLS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = ALP1 * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls MLS1 * STARS6 calls MLS1 * STARS1 calls via MULTS-2 * STARS2 calls via MULTS-2 * STARS6 calls via MULTS-2
Calculate the following: (A P) = ALP1 * A where ALP1 is the magnitude of the current roll angle alpha, in the range 0-31. This routine uses an unrolled version of MU11. MU11 calculates P * X, so we use the same algorithm but with P set to ALP1 and X set to A. The unrolled version here can skip the bit tests for bits 5-7 of P as we know P < 32, so only 5 shifts with bit tests are needed (for bits 0-4), while the other 3 shifts can be done without a test (for bits 5-7).
Other entry points: MULTS-2 Calculate (A P) = X * A.SQUA AND #%01111111 \ Clear bit 7 of A and fall through into SQUA2 to set \ (A P) = A * AName: SQUA [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Clear bit 7 of A and calculate (A P) = A * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * NORM calls SQUA
Do the following multiplication of unsigned 8-bit numbers, after first clearing bit 7 of A: (A P) = A * A.SQUA2 STA P \ Copy A into P and X TAX BNE MU11 \ If X = 0 fall through into MU1 to return a 0, \ otherwise jump to MU11 to return P * XName: SQUA2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = A * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * HITCH calls SQUA2 * MAS3 calls SQUA2 * SUN (Part 1 of 4) calls SQUA2 * SUN (Part 3 of 4) calls SQUA2 * TT111 calls SQUA2
Do the following multiplication of unsigned 8-bit numbers: (A P) = A * A.MU1 CLC \ Clear the C flag STX P \ Copy X into P and A TXA RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MU1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Copy X into P and A, and clear the C flagContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MULTU calls MU1
Used to return a 0 result quickly from MULTU below..MLU1 LDA SY,Y \ Set Y1 the Y-th byte of SY STA Y1 \ Fall through into MLU2 to calculate: \ \ (A P) = |A| * QName: MLU1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate Y1 = y_hi and (A P) = |y_hi| * Q for Y-th stardustContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls MLU1 * STARS6 calls MLU1
Do the following assignment, and multiply the Y-th stardust particle's y-coordinate with an unsigned number Q: Y1 = y_hi (A P) = |y_hi| * Q.MLU2 AND #%01111111 \ Clear the sign bit in P, so P = |A| STA P \ Fall through into MULTU to calculate: \ \ (A P) = P * Q \ = |A| * QName: MLU2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = |A| * QContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls MLU2 * STARS6 calls MLU2
Do the following multiplication of a sign-magnitude 8-bit number P with an unsigned number Q: (A P) = |A| * Q.MULTU LDX Q \ Set X = Q BEQ MU1 \ If X = Q = 0, jump to MU1 to copy X into P and A, \ clear the C flag and return from the subroutine using \ a tail call \ Otherwise fall through into MU11 to set (A P) = P * XName: MULTU [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = P * QContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * PLS3 calls MULTU * TT24 calls MULTU
Do the following multiplication of unsigned 8-bit numbers: (A P) = P * Q.MU11 DEX \ Set T = X - 1 STX T \ \ We subtract 1 as the C flag will be set when we want \ to do an addition in the loop below LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A LDX #8 \ Set up a counter in X to count the 8 bits in P LSR P \ Set P = P >> 1 \ and C flag = bit 0 of P \ We are now going to work our way through the bits of \ P, and do a shift-add for any bits that are set, \ keeping the running total in A. We just did the first \ shift right, so we now need to do the first add and \ loop through the other bits in P .MUL6 BCC P%+4 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from P) is set, do the ADC T \ addition for this bit of P: \ \ A = A + T + C \ = A + X - 1 + 1 \ = A + X ROR A \ Shift A right to catch the next digit of our result, \ which the next ROR sticks into the left end of P while \ also extracting the next bit of P ROR P \ Add the overspill from shifting A to the right onto \ the start of P, and shift P right to fetch the next \ bit for the calculation into the C flag DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE MUL6 \ Loop back for the next bit until P has been rotated \ all the way RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MU11 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = P * X Deep dive: Shift-and-add multiplicationContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * SQUA2 calls MU11
Do the following multiplication of two unsigned 8-bit numbers: (A P) = P * X This uses the same shift-and-add approach as MULT1, but it's simpler as we are dealing with unsigned numbers in P and X..MU6 STA P+1 \ Set P(1 0) = (A A) STA P RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MU6 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Set P(1 0) = (A A)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MLS1 calls MU6
In practice this is only called via a BEQ following an AND instruction, in which case A = 0, so this routine effectively does this: P(1 0) = 0.FMLTU2 AND #%00011111 \ Restrict A to bits 0-5 (so it's in the range 0-31) TAX \ Set Q = sin(A) * 256 LDA SNE,X STA Q LDA K \ Set A to the radius in K \ Fall through into FMLTU to do the following: \ \ (A ?) = A * Q \ = K * sin(A) * 256 \ \ which is equivalent to: \ \ A = K * sin(A)Name: FMLTU2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate A = K * sin(A) Deep dive: The sine, cosine and arctan tablesContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * CIRCLE2 calls FMLTU2
Calculate the following: A = K * sin(A) Because this routine uses the sine lookup table SNE, we can also call this routine to calculate cosine multiplication. To calculate the following: A = K * cos(B) call this routine with B + 16 in the accumulator, as sin(B + 16) = cos(B)..FMLTU EOR #%11111111 \ Flip the bits in A, set the C flag and rotate right, SEC \ so the C flag now contains bit 0 of A inverted, and P ROR A \ contains A inverted and shifted right by one, with bit STA P \ 7 set to a 1. We can now use P as our source of bits \ to shift right, just as in MU11, just with the logic \ reversed LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A .MUL3 BCS MU7 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from P) is set, do not do the \ addition for this bit of P, and instead skip to MU7 \ to just do the shifts ADC Q \ Do the addition for this bit of P: \ \ A = A + Q + C \ = A + Q ROR A \ Shift A right to catch the next digit of our result. \ If we were interested in the low byte of the result we \ would want to save the bit that falls off the end, but \ we aren't, so we can ignore it LSR P \ Shift P right to fetch the next bit for the \ calculation into the C flag BNE MUL3 \ Loop back to MUL3 if P still contains some set bits \ (so we loop through the bits of P until we get to the \ 1 we inserted before the loop, and then we stop) \ If we get here then the C flag is set as we just \ rotated a 1 out of the right end of P RTS \ Return from the subroutine .MU7 LSR A \ Shift A right to catch the next digit of our result, \ pushing a 0 into bit 7 as we aren't adding anything \ here (we can't use a ROR here as the C flag is set, so \ a ROR would push a 1 into bit 7) LSR P \ Fetch the next bit from P into the C flag BNE MUL3 \ Loop back to MUL3 if P still contains some set bits \ (so we loop through the bits of P until we get to the \ 1 we inserted before the loop, and then we stop) \ If we get here then the C flag is set as we just \ rotated a 1 out of the right end of P RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: FMLTU [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate A = A * Q / 256Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOEXP calls FMLTU * LL51 calls FMLTU * LL9 (Part 5 of 12) calls FMLTU * MVEIT (Part 3 of 9) calls FMLTU * PLS22 calls FMLTU
Do the following multiplication of two unsigned 8-bit numbers, returning only the high byte of the result: (A ?) = A * Q or, to put it another way: A = A * Q / 256
Returns: C flag The C flag is set{ \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDX Q \BEQ MU1 \DEX \STX T \LDA #0 \LDX #8 \LSR P \ --- End of removed code -----------------------------> .MUL6 BCC P%+4 ADC T ROR A ROR P DEX BNE MUL6 RTS }Name: Unused duplicate of MULTU [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: An unused duplicate of the MULTU routineContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This is a duplicate of the MULTU routine, but with no entry label, so it can't be called by name. It is unused, and could have been culled to save a few bytes (24 to be precise), but it's still here, unnamed, unloved and unvisited, through no fault of its own.STX Q \ Store X in Q .MLTU2 EOR #%11111111 \ Flip the bits in A and rotate right, storing the LSR A \ result in P+1, so we now calculate (P+1 P) * Q STA P+1 LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A LDX #16 \ Set up a counter in X to count the 16 bits in (P+1 P) ROR P \ Set P = P >> 1 with bit 7 = bit 0 of A \ and C flag = bit 0 of P .MUL7 BCS MU21 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from P) is set, do not do the \ addition for this bit of P, and instead skip to MU21 \ to just do the shifts ADC Q \ Do the addition for this bit of P: \ \ A = A + Q + C \ = A + Q ROR A \ Rotate (A P+1 P) to the right, so we capture the next ROR P+1 \ digit of the result in P+1, and extract the next digit ROR P \ of (P+1 P) in the C flag DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE MUL7 \ Loop back for the next bit until P has been rotated \ all the way RTS \ Return from the subroutine .MU21 LSR A \ Shift (A P+1 P) to the right, so we capture the next ROR P+1 \ digit of the result in P+1, and extract the next digit ROR P \ of (P+1 P) in the C flag DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE MUL7 \ Loop back for the next bit until P has been rotated \ all the way RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MLTU2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P+1 P) = (A ~P) * Q Deep dive: Shift-and-add multiplicationContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MVEIT (Part 5 of 9) calls MLTU2 * MVEIT (Part 5 of 9) calls via MLTU2-2
Do the following multiplication of an unsigned 16-bit number and an unsigned 8-bit number: (A P+1 P) = (A ~P) * Q where ~P means P EOR %11111111 (i.e. P with all its bits flipped). In other words, if you wanted to calculate &1234 * &56, you would: * Set A to &12 * Set P to &34 EOR %11111111 = &CB * Set Q to &56 before calling MLTU2. This routine is like a mash-up of MU11 and FMLTU. It uses part of FMLTU's inverted argument trick to work out whether or not to do an addition, and like MU11 it sets up a counter in X to extract bits from (P+1 P). But this time we extract 16 bits from (P+1 P), so the result is a 24-bit number. The core of the algorithm is still the shift-and-add approach explained in MULT1, just with more bits.
Returns: Q Q is preserved
Other entry points: MLTU2-2 Set Q to X, so this calculates (A P+1 P) = (A ~P) * X.MUT2 LDX XX+1 \ Set S = XX+1 STX S \ Fall through into MUT1 to do the following: \ \ R = XX \ (A P) = Q * AName: MUT2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (S R) = XX(1 0) and (A P) = Q * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls MUT2
Do the following assignment, and multiplication of two signed 8-bit numbers: (S R) = XX(1 0) (A P) = Q * A\ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \.MUT3 \ \LDX ALP1 \ Set P = ALP1, though this gets overwritten by the \STX P \ following, so this has no effect \ \ \ Fall through into MUT2 to do the following: \ \ \ \ (S R) = XX(1 0) \ \ (A P) = Q * A \ --- End of removed code ----------------------------->Name: MUT3, Removed [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: An unused routine that does the same as MUT2Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This routine is never actually called, but it is identical to MUT2, as the extra instructions have no effect..MUT1 LDX XX \ Set R = XX STX R \ Fall through into MULT1 to do the following: \ \ (A P) = Q * AName: MUT1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate R = XX and (A P) = Q * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS6 calls MUT1
Do the following assignment, and multiplication of two signed 8-bit numbers: R = XX (A P) = Q * A.MULT1 TAX \ Store A in X AND #%01111111 \ Set P = |A| >> 1 LSR A \ and C flag = bit 0 of A STA P TXA \ Restore argument A EOR Q \ Set bit 7 of A and T if Q and A have different signs, AND #%10000000 \ clear bit 7 if they have the same signs, 0 all other STA T \ bits, i.e. T contains the sign bit of Q * A LDA Q \ Set A = |Q| AND #%01111111 BEQ mu10 \ If |Q| = 0 jump to mu10 (with A set to 0) TAX \ Set T1 = |Q| - 1 DEX \ STX T1 \ We subtract 1 as the C flag will be set when we want \ to do an addition in the loop below \ We are now going to work our way through the bits of \ P, and do a shift-add for any bits that are set, \ keeping the running total in A. We already set up \ the first shift at the start of this routine, as \ P = |A| >> 1 and C = bit 0 of A, so we now need to set \ up a loop to sift through the other 7 bits in P LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 so we can start building the answer in A LDX #7 \ Set up a counter in X to count the 7 bits remaining \ in P .MUL4 BCC P%+4 \ If C (i.e. the next bit from P) is set, do the ADC T1 \ addition for this bit of P: \ \ A = A + T1 + C \ = A + |Q| - 1 + 1 \ = A + |Q| ROR A \ As mentioned above, this ROR shifts A right and \ catches bit 0 in C - giving another digit for our \ result - and the next ROR sticks that bit into the \ left end of P while also extracting the next bit of P \ for the next addition ROR P \ Add the overspill from shifting A to the right onto \ the start of P, and shift P right to fetch the next \ bit for the calculation DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE MUL4 \ Loop back for the next bit until P has been rotated \ all the way LSR A \ Rotate (A P) once more to get the final result, as ROR P \ we only pushed 7 bits through the above process ORA T \ Set the sign bit of the result that we stored in T RTS \ Return from the subroutine .mu10 STA P \ If we get here, the result is 0 and A = 0, so set \ P = 0 so (A P) = 0 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MULT1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A P) = Q * A Deep dive: Shift-and-add multiplicationContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MAD calls MULT1 * MULT12 calls MULT1
Do the following multiplication of two 8-bit sign-magnitude numbers: (A P) = Q * A.MULT12 JSR MULT1 \ Set (A P) = Q * A STA S \ Set (S R) = (A P) LDA P \ = Q * A STA R RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: MULT12 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (S R) = Q * AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TAS3 calls MULT12 * TAS4 calls MULT12 * TIDY calls MULT12 * TIS3 calls MULT12
Calculate: (S R) = Q * ALDY #10 \ Set Y = 10 so we calculate nosev . XX15 .TAS3 LDX INWK,Y \ Set Q = the Y-th byte of INWK, i.e. vect_x STX Q LDA XX15 \ Set A = XX15 JSR MULT12 \ Set (S R) = Q * A \ = vect_x * XX15 LDX INWK+2,Y \ Set Q = the Y+2-th byte of INWK, i.e. vect_y STX Q LDA XX15+1 \ Set A = XX15+1 JSR MAD \ Set (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = vect_y * XX15+1 + vect_x * XX15 STA S \ Set (S R) = (A X) STX R LDX INWK+4,Y \ Set Q = the Y+2-th byte of INWK, i.e. vect_z STX Q LDA XX15+2 \ Set A = XX15+2 \ Fall through into MAD to set: \ \ (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = vect_z * XX15+2 + vect_y * XX15+1 + \ vect_x * XX15Name: TAS3 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Geometry) Summary: Calculate the dot product of XX15 and an orientation vectorContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) calls TAS3 * DOCKIT calls via TAS3-2 * TACTICS (Part 3 of 7) calls via TAS3-2 * TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) calls via TAS3-2
Calculate the dot product of the vector in XX15 and one of the orientation vectors, as determined by the value of Y. If vect is the orientation vector, we calculate this: (A X) = vect . XX15 = vect_x * XX15 + vect_y * XX15+1 + vect_z * XX15+2
Arguments: Y The orientation vector: * If Y = 10, calculate nosev . XX15 * If Y = 16, calculate roofv . XX15 * If Y = 22, calculate sidev . XX15
Returns: (A X) The result of the dot product
Other entry points: TAS3-2 Calculate nosev . XX15.MAD JSR MULT1 \ Call MULT1 to set (A P) = Q * A \ Fall through into ADD to do: \ \ (A X) = (A P) + (S R) \ = Q * A + (S R)Name: MAD [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A X) = Q * A + (S R)Context: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * MVS4 calls MAD * STARS2 calls MAD * TAS3 calls MAD * TAS4 calls MAD * TIS1 calls MAD * TIS3 calls MAD
Calculate (A X) = Q * A + (S R).ADD STA T1 \ Store argument A in T1 AND #%10000000 \ Extract the sign (bit 7) of A and store it in T STA T EOR S \ EOR bit 7 of A with S. If they have different bit 7s BMI MU8 \ (i.e. they have different signs) then bit 7 in the \ EOR result will be 1, which means the EOR result is \ negative. So the AND, EOR and BMI together mean "jump \ to MU8 if A and S have different signs" \ If we reach here, then A and S have the same sign, so \ we can add them and set the sign to get the result LDA R \ Add the least significant bytes together into X: CLC \ ADC P \ X = P + R TAX LDA S \ Add the most significant bytes together into A. We ADC T1 \ stored the original argument A in T1 earlier, so we \ can do this with: \ \ A = A + S + C \ = T1 + S + C ORA T \ If argument A was negative (and therefore S was also \ negative) then make sure result A is negative by \ OR'ing the result with the sign bit from argument A \ (which we stored in T) RTS \ Return from the subroutine .MU8 \ If we reach here, then A and S have different signs, \ so we can subtract their absolute values and set the \ sign to get the result LDA S \ Clear the sign (bit 7) in S and store the result in AND #%01111111 \ U, so U now contains |S| STA U LDA P \ Subtract the least significant bytes into X: SEC \ SBC R \ X = P - R TAX LDA T1 \ Restore the A of the argument (A P) from T1 and AND #%01111111 \ clear the sign (bit 7), so A now contains |A| SBC U \ Set A = |A| - |S| \ At this point we have |A P| - |S R| in (A X), so we \ need to check whether the subtraction above was the \ right way round (i.e. that we subtracted the smaller \ absolute value from the larger absolute value) BCS MU9 \ If |A| >= |S|, our subtraction was the right way \ round, so jump to MU9 to set the sign \ If we get here, then |A| < |S|, so our subtraction \ above was the wrong way round (we actually subtracted \ the larger absolute value from the smaller absolute \ value). So let's subtract the result we have in (A X) \ from zero, so that the subtraction is the right way \ round STA U \ Store A in U TXA \ Set X = 0 - X using two's complement (to negate a EOR #&FF \ number in two's complement, you can invert the bits ADC #1 \ and add one - and we know the C flag is clear as we TAX \ didn't take the BCS branch above, so the ADC will do \ the correct addition) LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 - A, which we can do this time using a SBC U \ subtraction with the C flag clear ORA #%10000000 \ We now set the sign bit of A, so that the EOR on the \ next line will give the result the opposite sign to \ argument A (as T contains the sign bit of argument \ A). This is the same as giving the result the same \ sign as argument S (as A and S have different signs), \ which is what we want, as S has the larger absolute \ value .MU9 EOR T \ If we get here from the BCS above, then |A| >= |S|, \ so we want to give the result the same sign as \ argument A, so if argument A was negative, we flip \ the sign of the result with an EOR (to make it \ negative) RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: ADD [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A X) = (A P) + (S R) Deep dive: Adding sign-magnitude numbersContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DIALS (Part 2 of 4) calls ADD * MVS5 calls ADD * PIX1 calls ADD * PLS22 calls ADD * STARS1 calls ADD * STARS2 calls ADD * STARS6 calls ADD * WARP calls ADD
Add two 16-bit sign-magnitude numbers together, calculating: (A X) = (A P) + (S R).TIS1 STX Q \ Set Q = X EOR #%10000000 \ Flip the sign bit in A JSR MAD \ Set (A X) = Q * A + (S R) \ = X * -A + (S R) .DVID96 TAX \ Set T to the sign bit of the result AND #%10000000 STA T TXA \ Set A to the high byte of the result with the sign bit AND #%01111111 \ cleared, so (A ?) = |X * A + (S R)| \ The following is identical to TIS2, except Q is \ hard-coded to 96, so this does A = A / 96 LDX #254 \ Set T1 to have bits 1-7 set, so we can rotate through STX T1 \ 7 loop iterations, getting a 1 each time, and then \ getting a 0 on the 8th iteration... and we can also \ use T1 to catch our result bits into bit 0 each time .DVL3 ASL A \ Shift A to the left CMP #96 \ If A < 96 skip the following subtraction BCC DV4 SBC #96 \ Set A = A - 96 \ \ Going into this subtraction we know the C flag is \ set as we passed through the BCC above, and we also \ know that A >= 96, so the C flag will still be set \ once we are done .DV4 ROL T1 \ Rotate the counter in T1 to the left, and catch the \ result bit into bit 0 (which will be a 0 if we didn't \ do the subtraction, or 1 if we did) BCS DVL3 \ If we still have set bits in T1, loop back to DVL3 to \ do the next iteration of 7 LDA T1 \ Fetch the result from T1 into A ORA T \ Give A the sign of the result that we stored above RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: TIS1 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (A ?) = (-X * A + (S R)) / 96 Deep dive: Shift-and-subtract divisionContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * TIDY calls TIS1
Calculate the following expression between sign-magnitude numbers, ignoring the low byte of the result: (A ?) = (-X * A + (S R)) / 96 This uses the same shift-and-subtract algorithm as TIS2, just with the quotient A hard-coded to 96.
Returns: Q Gets set to the value of argument X.DV42 LDA SZ,Y \ Fetch the Y-th dust particle's z_hi coordinate into A \ Fall through into DV41 to do: \ \ (P R) = 256 * DELTA / A \ = 256 * DELTA / Y-th stardust particle's z_hiName: DV42 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (P R) = 256 * DELTA / z_hiContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS1 calls DV42 * STARS6 calls DV42
Calculate the following division and remainder: P = DELTA / (the Y-th stardust particle's z_hi coordinate) R = remainder as a fraction of A, where 1.0 = 255 Another way of saying the above is this: (P R) = 256 * DELTA / z_hi DELTA is a value between 1 and 40, and the minimum z_hi is 16 (dust particles are removed at lower values than this), so this means P is between 0 and 2 (as 40 / 16 = 2.5, so the maximum result is P = 2 and R = 128. This uses the same shift-and-subtract algorithm as TIS2, but this time we keep the remainder.
Arguments: Y The number of the stardust particle to process
Returns: C flag The C flag is cleared.DV41 STA Q \ Store A in Q LDA DELTA \ Fetch the speed from DELTA into A \ Fall through into DVID4 to do: \ \ (P R) = 256 * A / Q \ = 256 * DELTA / AName: DV41 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (P R) = 256 * DELTA / AContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * STARS2 calls DV41
Calculate the following division and remainder: P = DELTA / A R = remainder as a fraction of A, where 1.0 = 255 Another way of saying the above is this: (P R) = 256 * DELTA / A This uses the same shift-and-subtract algorithm as TIS2, but this time we keep the remainder.
Returns: C flag The C flag is cleared.DVID4 LDX #8 \ Set a counter in X to count the 8 bits in A ASL A \ Shift A left and store in P (we will build the result STA P \ in P) LDA #0 \ Set A = 0 for us to build a remainder .DVL4 ROL A \ Shift A to the left BCS DV8 \ If the C flag is set (i.e. bit 7 of A was set) then \ skip straight to the subtraction CMP Q \ If A < Q skip the following subtraction BCC DV5 .DV8 SBC Q \ A >= Q, so set A = A - Q SEC \ Set the C flag, so that P gets a 1 shifted into bit 0 .DV5 ROL P \ Shift P to the left, pulling the C flag into bit 0 DEX \ Decrement the loop counter BNE DVL4 \ Loop back for the next bit until we have done all 8 \ bits of P JMP LL28+4 \ Jump to LL28+4 to convert the remainder in A into an \ integer representation of the fractional value A / Q, \ in R, where 1.0 = 255. LL28+4 always returns with the \ C flag cleared, and we return from the subroutine \ using a tail callName: DVID4 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate (P R) = 256 * A / Q Deep dive: Shift-and-subtract divisionContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOEXP calls DVID4 * SPS2 calls DVID4
Calculate the following division and remainder: P = A / Q R = remainder as a fraction of Q, where 1.0 = 255 Another way of saying the above is this: (P R) = 256 * A / Q This uses the same shift-and-subtract algorithm as TIS2, but this time we keep the remainder.
Returns: C flag The C flag is cleared.DVID3B2 STA P+2 \ Set P+2 = A LDA INWK+6 \ Set Q = z_lo STA Q LDA INWK+7 \ Set R = z_hi STA R LDA INWK+8 \ Set S = z_sign STA S .DVID3B \ Given the above assignments, we now want to calculate \ the following to get the result we want: \ \ K(3 2 1 0) = P(2 1 0) / (S R Q) LDA P \ Make sure P(2 1 0) is at least 1 ORA #1 STA P LDA P+2 \ Set T to the sign of P+2 * S (i.e. the sign of the EOR S \ result) and store it in T AND #%10000000 STA T LDY #0 \ Set Y = 0 to store the scale factor LDA P+2 \ Clear the sign bit of P+2, so the division can be done AND #%01111111 \ with positive numbers and we'll set the correct sign \ below, once all the maths is done \ \ This also leaves A = P+2, which we use below .DVL9 \ We now shift (A P+1 P) left until A >= 64, counting \ the number of shifts in Y. This makes the top part of \ the division as large as possible, thus retaining as \ much accuracy as we can. When we come to return the \ final result, we shift the result by the number of \ places in Y, and in the correct direction CMP #64 \ If A >= 64, jump down to DV14 BCS DV14 ASL P \ Shift (A P+1 P) to the left ROL P+1 ROL A INY \ Increment the scale factor in Y BNE DVL9 \ Loop up to DVL9 (this BNE is effectively a JMP, as Y \ will never be zero) .DV14 \ If we get here, A >= 64 and contains the highest byte \ of the numerator, scaled up by the number of left \ shifts in Y STA P+2 \ Store A in P+2, so we now have the scaled value of \ the numerator in P(2 1 0) LDA S \ Set A = |S| AND #%01111111 BMI DV9 \ If bit 7 of A is set, jump down to DV9 to skip the \ left-shifting of the denominator (though this branch \ instruction has no effect as bit 7 of the above AND \ can never be set, which is why this instruction was \ removed from later versions) .DVL6 \ We now shift (S R Q) left until bit 7 of S is set, \ reducing Y by the number of shifts. This makes the \ bottom part of the division as large as possible, thus \ retaining as much accuracy as we can. When we come to \ return the final result, we shift the result by the \ total number of places in Y, and in the correct \ direction, to give us the correct result \ \ We set A to |S| above, so the following actually \ shifts (A R Q) DEY \ Decrement the scale factor in Y ASL Q \ Shift (A R Q) to the left ROL R ROL A BPL DVL6 \ Loop up to DVL6 to do another shift, until bit 7 of A \ is set and we can't shift left any further .DV9 \ We have now shifted both the numerator and denominator \ left as far as they will go, keeping a tally of the \ overall scale factor of the various shifts in Y. We \ can now divide just the two highest bytes to get our \ result STA Q \ Set Q = A, the highest byte of the denominator LDA #254 \ Set R to have bits 1-7 set, so we can pass this to STA R \ LL31 to act as the bit counter in the division LDA P+2 \ Set A to the highest byte of the numerator JSR LL31 \ Call LL31 to calculate: \ \ R = 256 * A / Q \ = 256 * numerator / denominator \ The result of our division is now in R, so we just \ need to shift it back by the scale factor in Y \ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \LDA #0 \ Set K(3 2 1) = 0 to hold the result (we populate K \STA K+1 \ next) \STA K+2 \STA K+3 \ --- And replaced by: --------------------------------> LDA #0 \ Call n_store to set K(3 2 1) = 0 to hold the result JSR n_store \ (we populate K next) \ --- End of replacement ------------------------------> TYA \ If Y is positive, jump to DV12 BPL DV12 \ If we get here then Y is negative, so we need to shift \ the result R to the left by Y places, and then set the \ correct sign for the result LDA R \ Set A = R .DVL8 ASL A \ Shift (K+3 K+2 K+1 A) left ROL K+1 ROL K+2 ROL K+3 INY \ Increment the scale factor in Y BNE DVL8 \ Loop back to DVL8 until we have shifted left by Y \ places STA K \ Store A in K so the result is now in K(3 2 1 0) LDA K+3 \ Set K+3 to the sign in T, which we set above to the ORA T \ correct sign for the result STA K+3 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .DV13 \ If we get here then Y is zero, so we don't need to \ shift the result R, we just need to set the correct \ sign for the result LDA R \ Store R in K so the result is now in K(3 2 1 0) STA K LDA T \ Set K+3 to the sign in T, which we set above to the STA K+3 \ correct sign for the result RTS \ Return from the subroutine .DV12 BEQ DV13 \ We jumped here having set A to the scale factor in Y, \ so this jumps up to DV13 if Y = 0 \ If we get here then Y is positive and non-zero, so we \ need to shift the result R to the right by Y places \ and then set the correct sign for the result. We also \ know that K(3 2 1) will stay 0, as we are shifting the \ lowest byte to the right, so no set bits will make \ their way into the top three bytes LDA R \ Set A = R .DVL10 LSR A \ Shift A right DEY \ Decrement the scale factor in Y BNE DVL10 \ Loop back to DVL10 until we have shifted right by Y \ places STA K \ Store the shifted A in K so the result is now in \ K(3 2 1 0) LDA T \ Set K+3 to the sign in T, which we set above to the STA K+3 \ correct sign for the result RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: DVID3B2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Arithmetic) Summary: Calculate K(3 2 1 0) = (A P+1 P) / (z_sign z_hi z_lo) Deep dive: Shift-and-subtract divisionContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * PLANET calls DVID3B2 * PLS1 calls DVID3B2 * PLS6 calls DVID3B2
Calculate the following: K(3 2 1 0) = (A P+1 P) / (z_sign z_hi z_lo) The actual division here is done as an 8-bit calculation using LL31, but this routine shifts both the numerator (the top part of the division) and the denominator (the bottom part of the division) around to get the multi-byte result we want. Specifically, it shifts both of them to the left as far as possible, keeping a tally of how many shifts get done in each one - and specifically, the difference in the number of shifts between the top and bottom (as shifting both of them once in the same direction won't change the result). It then divides the two highest bytes with the simple 8-bit routine in LL31, and shifts the result by the difference in the number of shifts, which acts as a scale factor to get the correct result.
Returns: K(3 2 1 0) The result of the division X X is preserved.cntr LDA auto \ If the docking computer is currently activated, jump BNE cnt2 \ to cnt2 to skip the following as we always want to \ enable damping for the docking computer LDA DAMP \ If DAMP is non-zero, then keyboard damping is not BNE RE1 \ enabled, so jump to RE1 to return from the subroutine .cnt2 TXA \ If X < 128, then it's in the left-hand side of the BPL BUMP \ dashboard slider, so jump to BUMP to bump it up by 1, \ to move it closer to the centre DEX \ Otherwise X >= 128, so it's in the right-hand side BMI RE1 \ of the dashboard slider, so decrement X by 1, and if \ it's still >= 128, jump to RE1 to return from the \ subroutine, otherwise fall through to BUMP to undo \ the bump and then return .BUMP INX \ Bump X up by 1, and if it hasn't overshot the end of BNE RE1 \ the dashboard slider, jump to RE1 to return from the \ subroutine, otherwise fall through to REDU to drop \ it down by 1 again .REDU DEX \ Reduce X by 1, and if we have reached 0 jump up to BEQ BUMP \ BUMP to add 1, because we need the value to be in the \ range 1 to 255 .RE1 RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: cntr [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Dashboard Summary: Apply damping to the pitch or roll dashboard indicatorContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 2 of 16) calls cntr
Apply damping to the value in X, where X ranges from 1 to 255 with 128 as the centre point (so X represents a position on a centre-based dashboard slider, such as pitch or roll). If the value is in the left-hand side of the slider (1-127) then it bumps the value up by 1 so it moves towards the centre, and if it's in the right-hand side, it reduces it by 1, also moving it towards the centre..BUMP2 STA T \ Store argument A in T so we can restore it later TXA \ Copy argument X into A CLC \ Clear the C flag so we can do addition without the \ C flag affecting the result ADC T \ Set X = A = argument X + argument A TAX BCC RE2 \ If the C flag is clear, then we didn't overflow, so \ jump to RE2 to auto-recentre and return the result LDX #255 \ We have an overflow, so set X to the maximum possible \ value of 255 .RE2 BPL RE3+2 \ If X has bit 7 clear (i.e. the result < 128), then \ jump to RE3+2 in routine REDU2 to do an auto-recentre, \ if configured, because the result is on the left side \ of the centre point of 128 \ Jumps to RE2+2 end up here LDA T \ Restore the original argument A from T into A RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: BUMP2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Dashboard Summary: Bump up the value of the pitch or roll dashboard indicatorContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOKEY calls BUMP2 * REDU2 calls via RE2+2
Increase ("bump up") X by A, where X is either the current rate of pitch or the current rate of roll. The rate of pitch or roll ranges from 1 to 255 with 128 as the centre point. This is the amount by which the pitch or roll is currently changing, so 1 means it is decreasing at the maximum rate, 128 means it is not changing, and 255 means it is increasing at the maximum rate. These values correspond to the line on the DC or RL indicators on the dashboard, with 1 meaning full left, 128 meaning the middle, and 255 meaning full right. If bumping up X would push it past 255, then X is set to 255. If keyboard auto-recentre is configured and the result is less than 128, we bump X up to the mid-point, 128. This is the equivalent of having a roll or pitch in the left half of the indicator, when increasing the roll or pitch should jump us straight to the mid-point.
Other entry points: RE2+2 Restore A from T and return from the subroutine.REDU2 STA T \ Store argument A in T so we can restore it later TXA \ Copy argument X into A SEC \ Set the C flag so we can do subtraction without the \ C flag affecting the result SBC T \ Set X = A = argument X - argument A TAX BCS RE3 \ If the C flag is set, then we didn't underflow, so \ jump to RE3 to auto-recentre and return the result LDX #1 \ We have an underflow, so set X to the minimum possible \ value, 1 .RE3 BPL RE2+2 \ If X has bit 7 clear (i.e. the result < 128), then \ jump to RE2+2 above to return the result as is, \ because the result is on the left side of the centre \ point of 128, so we don't need to auto-centre \ Jumps to RE3+2 end up here \ If we get here, then we need to apply auto-recentre, \ if it is configured LDA DJD \ If keyboard auto-recentre is disabled, then BNE RE2+2 \ jump to RE2+2 to restore A and return LDX #128 \ If we get here then keyboard auto-recentre is enabled, BMI RE2+2 \ so set X to 128 (the middle of our range) and jump to \ RE2+2 to restore A and return from the subroutine \ (this BMI is effectively a JMP as bit 7 of X is always \ set)Name: REDU2 [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Dashboard Summary: Reduce the value of the pitch or roll dashboard indicatorContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * DOKEY calls REDU2 * BUMP2 calls via RE3+2
Reduce X by A, where X is either the current rate of pitch or the current rate of roll. The rate of pitch or roll ranges from 1 to 255 with 128 as the centre point. This is the amount by which the pitch or roll is currently changing, so 1 means it is decreasing at the maximum rate, 128 means it is not changing, and 255 means it is increasing at the maximum rate. These values correspond to the line on the DC or RL indicators on the dashboard, with 1 meaning full left, 128 meaning the middle, and 255 meaning full right. If reducing X would bring it below 1, then X is set to 1. If keyboard auto-recentre is configured and the result is greater than 128, we reduce X down to the mid-point, 128. This is the equivalent of having a roll or pitch in the right half of the indicator, when decreasing the roll or pitch should jump us straight to the mid-point.
Other entry points: RE3+2 Auto-recentre the value in X, if keyboard auto-recentre is configured.ARCTAN LDA P \ Set T1 = P EOR Q, which will have the sign of P * Q EOR Q STA T1 LDA Q \ If Q = 0, jump to AR2 to return a right angle BEQ AR2 ASL A \ Set Q = |Q| * 2 (this is a quick way of clearing the STA Q \ sign bit, and we don't need to shift right again as we \ only ever use this value in the division with |P| * 2, \ which we set next) LDA P \ Set A = |P| * 2 ASL A CMP Q \ If A >= Q, i.e. |P| > |Q|, jump to AR1 to swap P BCS AR1 \ and Q around, so we can still use the lookup table JSR ARS1 \ Call ARS1 to set the following from the lookup table: \ \ A = arctan(A / Q) \ = arctan(|P / Q|) SEC \ Set the C flag so the SBC instruction in AR3 will be \ correct, should we jump there .AR4 LDX T1 \ If T1 is negative, i.e. P and Q have different signs, BMI AR3 \ jump down to AR3 to return arctan(-|P / Q|) RTS \ Otherwise P and Q have the same sign, so our result is \ correct and we can return from the subroutine .AR1 \ We want to calculate arctan(t) where |t| > 1, so we \ can use the calculation described in the documentation \ for the ACT table, i.e. 64 - arctan(1 / t) LDX Q \ Swap the values in Q and P, using the fact that we STA Q \ called AR1 with A = P STX P \ TXA \ This also sets A = P (which now contains the original \ argument |Q|) JSR ARS1 \ Call ARS1 to set the following from the lookup table: \ \ A = arctan(A / Q) \ = arctan(|Q / P|) \ = arctan(1 / |P / Q|) STA T \ Set T = 64 - T LDA #64 SBC T BCS AR4 \ Jump to AR4 to continue the calculation (this BCS is \ effectively a JMP as the subtraction will never \ underflow, as ARS1 returns values in the range 0-31) .AR2 \ If we get here then Q = 0, so tan(A) = infinity and \ A is a right angle, or 0.25 of a circle. We allocate \ 255 to a full circle, so we should return 63 for a \ right angle LDA #63 \ Set A to 63, to represent a right angle RTS \ Return from the subroutine .AR3 \ A contains arctan(|P / Q|) but P and Q have different \ signs, so we need to return arctan(-|P / Q|), using \ the calculation described in the documentation for the \ ACT table, i.e. 128 - A STA T \ Set A = 128 - A LDA #128 \ SBC T \ The subtraction will work because we did a SEC before \ calling AR3 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .ARS1 \ This routine fetches arctan(A / Q) from the ACT table, \ so A will be set to an integer in the range 0 to 31 \ that represents an angle from 0 to 45 degrees (or 0 to \ PI / 4 radians) JSR LL28 \ Call LL28 to calculate: \ \ R = 256 * A / Q LDA R \ Set X = R / 8 LSR A \ = 32 * A / Q LSR A \ LSR A \ so X has the value t * 32 where t = A / Q, which is TAX \ what we need to look up values in the ACT table LDA ACT,X \ Fetch ACT+X from the ACT table into A, so now: \ \ A = value in ACT + X \ = value in ACT + (32 * A / Q) \ = arctan(A / Q) RTS \ Return from the subroutineName: ARCTAN [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Maths (Geometry) Summary: Calculate A = arctan(P / Q) Deep dive: The sine, cosine and arctan tablesContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * PLS4 calls ARCTAN
Calculate the following: A = arctan(P / Q) In other words, this finds the angle in the right-angled triangle where the opposite side to angle A is length P and the adjacent side to angle A has length Q, so: tan(A) = P / Q The result in A is an integer representing the angle in radians. The routine returns values in the range 0 to 128, which covers 0 to 180 degrees (or 0 to PI radians)..LASLI JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers AND #7 \ Restrict A to a random value in the range 0 to 7 ADC #Y-4 \ Set LASY to four pixels above the centre of the STA LASY \ screen (#Y), plus our random number, so the laser \ dances above and below the centre point JSR DORND \ Set A and X to random numbers AND #7 \ Restrict A to a random value in the range 0 to 7 ADC #X-4 \ Set LASX to four pixels left of the centre of the STA LASX \ screen (#X), plus our random number, so the laser \ dances to the left and right of the centre point LDA GNTMP \ Add 8 to the laser temperature in GNTMP ADC #8 STA GNTMP JSR DENGY \ Call DENGY to deplete our energy banks by 1 .LASLI2 LDA QQ11 \ If this is not a space view (i.e. QQ11 is non-zero) BNE LASLI-1 \ then jump to MA9 to return from the main flight loop \ (as LASLI-1 is an RTS) LDA #32 \ Set A = 32 and Y = 224 for the first set of laser LDY #224 \ lines (the wider pair of lines) JSR las \ Call las below to draw the first set of laser lines LDA #48 \ Fall through into las with A = 48 and Y = 208 to draw LDY #208 \ a second set of lines (the narrower pair) \ The following routine draws two laser lines, one from \ the centre point down to point A on the bottom row, \ and the other from the centre point down to point Y \ on the bottom row. We therefore get lines from the \ centre point to points 32, 48, 208 and 224 along the \ bottom row, giving us the triangular laser effect \ we're after .las STA X2 \ Set X2 = A LDA LASX \ Set (X1, Y1) to the random centre point we set above STA X1 LDA LASY STA Y1 LDA #2*Y-1 \ Set Y2 = 2 * #Y - 1. The constant #Y is 96, the STA Y2 \ y-coordinate of the mid-point of the space view, so \ this sets Y2 to 191, the y-coordinate of the bottom \ pixel row of the space view JSR LOIN \ Draw a line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2), so that's from \ the centre point to (A, 191) LDA LASX \ Set (X1, Y1) to the random centre point we set above STA X1 LDA LASY STA Y1 STY X2 \ Set X2 = Y LDA #2*Y-1 \ Set Y2 = 2 * #Y - 1, the y-coordinate of the bottom STA Y2 \ pixel row of the space view (as before) JMP LOIN \ Draw a line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2), so that's from \ the centre point to (Y, 191), and return from \ the subroutine using a tail callName: LASLI [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing lines Summary: Draw the laser lines for when we fire our lasersContext: See this subroutine on its own page References: This subroutine is called as follows: * Main flight loop (Part 3 of 16) calls LASLI * Main flight loop (Part 16 of 16) calls via LASLI2
Draw the laser lines, aiming them to slightly different place each time so they appear to flicker and dance. Also heat up the laser temperature and drain some energy.
Other entry points: LASLI2 Just draw the current laser lines without moving the centre point, draining energy or heating up. This has the effect of removing the lines from the screen LASLI-1 Contains an RTS\ --- Mod: Code removed for Elite-A: ------------------> \EQUB &8C, &E7 \EQUB &8D, &ED \EQUB &8A, &E6 \EQUB &C1, &C8 \EQUB &C8, &8B \EQUB &E0, &8A \EQUB &E6, &D6 \EQUB &C5, &C6 \EQUB &C1, &CA \EQUB &95, &9D \EQUB &9C, &97 \ --- End of removed code ----------------------------->Name: Unused block, Removed [Show more] Type: Variable Category: Utility routines Summary: These bytes appear to be unused (the same block appears in both the flight and docked code)Context: See this variable on its own page References: No direct references to this variable in this source filePRINT "ELITE C" PRINT "Assembled at ", ~CODE_C% PRINT "Ends at ", ~P% PRINT "Code size is ", ~(P% - CODE_C%) PRINT "Execute at ", ~LOAD% PRINT "Reload at ", ~LOAD_C% PRINT "S.D.ELTC ", ~CODE_C%, " ", ~P%, " ", ~LOAD%, " ", ~LOAD_C% \SAVE "3-assembled-output/D.ELTC.bin", CODE_C%, P%, LOAD%Save ELTC.bin
[X]
Configuration variable ACT
The address of the arctan lookup table, as set in elite-loader.asm
[X]
Subroutine ADD (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A X) = (A P) + (S R)
[X]
Subroutine ANGRY (category: Tactics)
Make a ship hostile
[X]
Subroutine CIRCLE2 (category: Drawing circles)
Draw a circle (for the planet or chart)
[X]
Configuration variable COPS
Ship blueprint position for the cop
[X]
Subroutine DCS1 (category: Flight)
Calculate the vector from the ideal docking position to the ship
[X]
Subroutine DENGY (category: Flight)
Drain some energy from the energy banks
[X]
Subroutine DOCKIT (category: Flight)
Apply docking manoeuvres to the ship in INWK
[X]
Subroutine DORND (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Generate random numbers
[X]
Subroutine DV41 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (P R) = 256 * DELTA / A
[X]
Configuration variable E%
The address of the default NEWB ship bytes within the loaded ship blueprints file
[X]
Subroutine ECBLB2 (category: Dashboard)
Start up the E.C.M. (light up the indicator, start the countdown and make the E.C.M. sound)
[X]
Configuration variable ESC
Ship blueprint position for the escape pod
[X]
Subroutine EXNO2 (category: Status)
Process us making a kill
[X]
Subroutine EXNO3 (category: Sound)
Make an explosion sound
[X]
Subroutine FR1 (category: Tactics)
Display the "missile jammed" message
[X]
Subroutine FRS1 (category: Tactics)
Launch a ship straight ahead of us, below the laser sights
[X]
Subroutine GINF (category: Universe)
Fetch the address of a ship's data block into INF
[X]
Entry point GOPL in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7) (category: Tactics)
Make the ship head towards the planet
[X]
Subroutine HFS2 (category: Drawing circles)
Draw the launch or hyperspace tunnel
[X]
Workspace K% (category: Workspaces)
Ship data blocks and ship line heaps
[X]
Subroutine LL28 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate R = 256 * A / Q
[X]
Subroutine LOIN (Part 1 of 7) (category: Drawing lines)
Draw a line: Calculate the line gradient in the form of deltas
[X]
Label M32 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Subroutine MAD (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A X) = Q * A + (S R)
[X]
Subroutine MAS4 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Calculate a cap on the maximum distance to a ship
[X]
Subroutine MESS (category: Flight)
Display an in-flight message
[X]
Configuration variable MSL
Ship blueprint position for the missile
[X]
Subroutine MU1 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Copy X into P and A, and clear the C flag
[X]
Subroutine MU11 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A P) = P * X
[X]
Subroutine MU5 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Set K(3 2 1 0) = (A A A A) and clear the C flag
[X]
Subroutine MU6 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Set P(1 0) = (A A)
[X]
Subroutine MULT1 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A P) = Q * A
[X]
Subroutine MULT12 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (S R) = Q * A
[X]
Subroutine MVT1 (category: Moving)
Calculate (x_sign x_hi x_lo) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) + (A R)
[X]
Subroutine MVT3 (category: Moving)
Calculate K(3 2 1) = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) + K(3 2 1)
[X]
Configuration variable NI%
The number of bytes in each ship's data block (as stored in INWK and K%)
[X]
Subroutine NOISE (category: Sound)
Make the sound whose number is in A
[X]
Subroutine NWSHP (category: Universe)
Add a new ship to our local bubble of universe
[X]
Subroutine PIX1 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (YY+1 SYL+Y) = (A P) + (S R) and draw stardust particle
[X]
Subroutine PIXEL2 (category: Drawing pixels)
Draw a stardust particle relative to the screen centre
[X]
Configuration variable PLT
Ship blueprint position for the alloy plate
[X]
Subroutine SESCP (category: Flight)
Spawn an escape pod from the current (parent) ship
[X]
Subroutine SFRMIS (category: Tactics)
Add an enemy missile to our local bubble of universe
[X]
Subroutine SFS1 (category: Universe)
Spawn a child ship from the current (parent) ship
[X]
Subroutine SFS2 (category: Moving)
Move a ship in space along one of the coordinate axes
[X]
Configuration variable SHU
Ship blueprint position for the shuttle
[X]
Configuration variable SNE
The address of the sine lookup table, as set in elite-loader.asm
[X]
Configuration variable SPL
Ship blueprint position for the splinter
[X]
Subroutine SPS1 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Calculate the vector to the planet, sun or station and store it in XX15
[X]
Subroutine SQUA2 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate (A P) = A * A
[X]
Configuration variable SST
Ship blueprint position for the space station
[X]
Label TA1 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA10 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA13 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 2 of 7)
[X]
Label TA14 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TA15 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Entry point TA151 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) (category: Tactics)
Make the ship head towards the planet TA9-1 Contains an RTS
[X]
Label TA152 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA16 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 5 of 7)
[X]
Label TA18 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA19 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TA19S in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA20 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA21 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TA22 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TA3 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 6 of 7)
[X]
Label TA34 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA35 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA4 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA5 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA6 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label TA64 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Label TA7 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 4 of 7)
[X]
Label TA87 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Entry point TA87+3 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7) (category: Tactics)
Set bit 7 of the ship's byte #31, which marks the ship as being killed, and return from the subroutine
[X]
Label TA9 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Entry point TA9-1 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7) (category: Tactics)
Contains an RTS
[X]
Label TAL1 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Subroutine TAS1 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate K3 = (x_sign x_hi x_lo) - V(1 0)
[X]
Subroutine TAS2 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Normalise the three-coordinate vector in K3
[X]
Subroutine TAS3 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Calculate the dot product of XX15 and an orientation vector
[X]
Subroutine TAS4 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Calculate the dot product of XX15 and one of the space station's orientation vectors
[X]
Subroutine TAS6 (category: Maths (Geometry))
Negate the vector in XX15 so it points in the opposite direction
[X]
Configuration variable TGL
Ship blueprint position for the Thargon
[X]
Configuration variable THG
Ship blueprint position for the Thargoid
[X]
Label TN1 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TN2 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TN3 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TN4 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 3 of 7)
[X]
Label TN5 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 2 of 7)
[X]
Label TN6 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 2 of 7)
[X]
Label TN7 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 4 of 7)
[X]
Subroutine TTX66 (category: Drawing the screen)
Clear the top part of the screen and draw a border box
[X]
Variable UNIV (category: Universe)
Table of pointers to the local universe's ship data blocks
[X]
Subroutine VCSU1 (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate vector K3(8 0) = [x y z] - coordinates of the sun or space station
[X]
Subroutine VCSUB (category: Maths (Arithmetic))
Calculate vector K3(8 0) = [x y z] - coordinates in (A V)
[X]
Configuration variable X
The centre x-coordinate of the 256 x 192 space view
[X]
Temporary storage, used to store the address of a ship blueprint. For example, it is used when we add a new ship to the local bubble in routine NWSHP, and it contains the address of the current ship's blueprint as we loop through all the nearby ships in the main flight loop
[X]
Workspace XX3 (category: Workspaces)
Temporary storage space for complex calculations
[X]
Configuration variable Y
The centre y-coordinate of the 256 x 192 space view
[X]
Subroutine ZINF (category: Universe)
Reset the INWK workspace and orientation vectors
[X]
Subroutine msblob (category: Dashboard)
Display the dashboard's missile indicators in green
[X]
Label n_misshit in subroutine TACTICS (Part 1 of 7)
[X]
Subroutine n_oops (category: Flight)
Take some damage, taking our ship's shields into consideration
[X]
Label nroll in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label nroll2 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)
[X]
Label ta3 in subroutine TACTICS (Part 5 of 7)
[X]
Label ttt in subroutine TACTICS (Part 7 of 7)