LDA SWAP \ If SWAP = 0 then we didn't swap the coordinates above, BEQ LI290 \ so jump down to LI290 to plot the first pixel TYA \ Fetch bits 0-2 of the y-coordinate, so Y contains the AND #7 \ y-coordinate mod 8 TAY BNE P%+5 \ If Y = 0, jump to LI307+8 to start plotting from the JMP LI307+8 \ pixel above the top row of this character block \ (LI307+8 points to the DEX instruction after the \ EOR/STA instructions, so the pixel at row 0 doesn't \ get plotted but we join at the right point to \ decrement X and Y correctly to continue plotting from \ the character row above) CPY #2 \ If Y < 2 (i.e. Y = 1), jump to LI306+8 to start BCS P%+5 \ plotting from row 0 of this character block, missing JMP LI306+8 \ out row 1 CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BNE P%+5 \ If Y = 2, jump to LI305+8 to start plotting from row JMP LI305+8 \ 1 of this character block, missing out row 2 CPY #4 \ If Y < 4 (i.e. Y = 3), jump to LI304+8 to start BCS P%+5 \ plotting from row 2 of this character block, missing JMP LI304+8 \ out row 3 CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BNE P%+5 \ If Y = 4, jump to LI303+8 to start plotting from row JMP LI303+8 \ 3 of this character block, missing out row 4 CPY #6 \ If Y < 6 (i.e. Y = 5), jump to LI302+8 to start BCS P%+5 \ plotting from row 4 of this character block, missing JMP LI302+8 \ out row 5 CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BEQ P%+5 \ If Y <> 6 (i.e. Y = 7), jump to LI300+8 to start JMP LI300+8 \ plotting from row 6 of this character block, missing \ out row 7 JMP LI301+8 \ Otherwise Y = 6, so jump to LI301+8 to start plotting \ from row 5 of this character block, missing out row 6 .LI290 DEX \ Decrement the counter in X because we're about to plot \ the first pixel TYA \ Fetch bits 0-2 of the y-coordinate, so Y contains the AND #7 \ y-coordinate mod 8 TAY BNE P%+5 \ If Y = 0, jump to LI307 to start plotting from row 0 JMP LI307 \ of this character block CPY #2 \ If Y < 2 (i.e. Y = 1), jump to LI306 to start plotting BCS P%+5 \ from row 1 of this character block JMP LI306 CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BNE P%+5 \ If Y = 2, jump to LI305 to start plotting from row 2 JMP LI305 \ of this character block CPY #4 \ If Y < 4 (i.e. Y = 3), jump to LI304 (via LI304S) to BCC LI304S \ start plotting from row 3 of this character block CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BEQ LI303S \ If Y = 4, jump to LI303 (via LI303S) to start plotting \ from row 4 of this character block CPY #6 \ If Y < 6 (i.e. Y = 5), jump to LI302 (via LI302S) to BCC LI302S \ start plotting from row 5 of this character block CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BEQ LI301S \ If Y = 6, jump to LI301 (via LI301S) to start plotting \ from row 6 of this character block JMP LI300 \ Otherwise Y = 7, so jump to LI300 to start plotting \ from row 7 of this character block .LI310 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI300, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI301 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI301 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI301 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI301 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below .LI301S BCC LI301 \ Jump to LI301 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LI311 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI301, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI302 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI302 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI302 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI302 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below .LI302S BCC LI302 \ Jump to LI302 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LI312 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI302, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI303 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI303 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI303 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI303 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below .LI303S BCC LI303 \ Jump to LI303 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LI313 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI303, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI304 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI304 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI304 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI304 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below .LI304S BCC LI304 \ Jump to LI304 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LIEX3 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .LI300 \ Plot a pixel on row 7 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX3 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX3 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI310 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI310 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI301 below .LI301 \ Plot a pixel on row 6 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX3 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX3 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI311 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI311 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI302 below .LI302 \ Plot a pixel on row 5 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX3 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX3 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI312 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI312 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI303 below .LI303 \ Plot a pixel on row 4 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX3 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX3 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI313 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI313 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI304 below .LI304 \ Plot a pixel on row 3 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX4 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX4 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI314 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI314 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI305 below .LI305 \ Plot a pixel on row 2 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX4 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX4 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI315 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI315 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI306 below .LI306 \ Plot a pixel on row 1 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX4 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX4 to return from the subroutine DEY \ Decrement Y to step up along the y-axis LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS LI316 \ If the addition overflowed, jump to LI316 to move to \ the pixel in the next character block along, which \ returns us to LI307 below .LI307 \ Plot a pixel on row 0 of this character block LDA R \ Fetch the pixel byte from R and apply the colour in AND COL \ COL to it EOR (SC),Y \ Store A into screen memory at SC(1 0), using EOR STA (SC),Y \ logic so it merges with whatever is already on-screen DEX \ Decrement the counter in X BEQ LIEX4 \ If we have just reached the right end of the line, \ jump to LIEX4 to return from the subroutine DEC SC+1 \ We just reached the top of the character block, so DEC SC+1 \ decrement the high byte in SC(1 0) twice to point to LDY #7 \ the screen row above (as there are two pages per \ screen row) and set Y to point to the last row in the \ new character block LDA S \ Set S = S + P to update the slope error ADC P STA S BCS P%+5 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI300 to JMP LI300 \ continue plotting in the next character block along LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI307 above, so shift the \ single pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we \ plot will be at the next x-coordinate BCS P%+5 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R JMP LI300 \ into the C flag, then jump to LI400 to continue \ plotting in the next character block along LDA #%10001000 \ Otherwise we need to move over to the next character STA R \ along, so set a mask in R to the first pixel in the \ 4-pixel byte LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ took the above BCS, so the ADC adds 8) BCS P%+5 \ If the addition didn't overflow, ump to LI300 to JMP LI300 \ continue plotting in the next character block along INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below JMP LI300 \ Jump to LI300 to continue plotting in the next \ character block along .LIEX4 RTS \ Return from the subroutine .LI314 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI304, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI305 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI305 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI305 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI305 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BCC LI305 \ Jump to LI305 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LI315 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI305, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI306 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI306 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI306 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI306 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BCC LI306 \ Jump to LI306 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear) .LI316 LSR R \ If we get here then the slope error just overflowed \ after plotting the pixel in LI306, so shift the single \ pixel in R to the right, so the next pixel we plot \ will be at the next x-coordinate along BCC LI307 \ If the pixel didn't fall out of the right end of R \ into the C flag, then jump to LI307 to plot the pixel \ on the next character row up LDA #%10001000 \ Set a mask in R to the first pixel in the 4-pixel byte STA R LDA SC \ Add 8 to SC, so SC(1 0) now points to the next ADC #7 \ character along to the right (the C flag is set as we STA SC \ didn't take the above BCC, so the ADC adds 8) BCC LI307 \ If the addition didn't overflow, jump to LI307 to plot \ the pixel on the next character row up INC SC+1 \ The addition overflowed, so increment the high byte in \ SC(1 0) to move to the next page in screen memory CLC \ Clear the C flag so it doesn't affect the arithmetic \ below BCC LI307 \ Jump to LI307 to rejoin the pixel plotting routine \ (this BCC is effectively a JMP as the C flag is clear)Name: LOINQ (Part 6 of 7) [Show more] Type: Subroutine Category: Drawing lines Summary: Draw a steep line going up and left or down and right Deep dive: Bresenham's line algorithmContext: See this subroutine in context in the source code Variations: See code variations for this subroutine in the different versions References: No direct references to this subroutine in this source file
This routine draws a line from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2). It has multiple stages. If we get here, then: * The line is going up and left (no swap) or down and right (swap) * X1 < X2 and Y1 >= Y2 * Draw from (X1, Y1) at top left to (X2, Y2) at bottom right, omitting the first pixel This routine looks complex, but that's because the loop that's used in the BBC Micro cassette and disc versions has been unrolled to speed it up. The algorithm is unchanged, it's just a lot longer.
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Label LI290 is local to this routine
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Label LI300 is local to this routine
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Label LI301 is local to this routine
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Label LI301S is local to this routine
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Label LI302 is local to this routine
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Label LI302S is local to this routine
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Label LI303 is local to this routine
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Label LI303S is local to this routine
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Label LI304 is local to this routine
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Label LI304S is local to this routine
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Label LI305 is local to this routine
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Label LI306 is local to this routine
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Label LI307 is local to this routine
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Label LI310 is local to this routine
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Label LI311 is local to this routine
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Label LI312 is local to this routine
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Label LI313 is local to this routine
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Label LI314 is local to this routine
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Label LI315 is local to this routine
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Label LI316 is local to this routine
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Label LIEX3 is local to this routine
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Label LIEX4 is local to this routine